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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Title:		"Simultaneous analysis of phytohormones, phytotoxins, and volatile organic compounds in plants"
Author(s):		Schmelz EA; Engelberth J; Alborn HT; O'Donnell P; Sammons M; Toshima H; Tumlinson JH;
Address:		"Center of Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, 1600/1700 Southwest 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA. eschmelz@gainesville.ufl.edu"
Journal Title:		Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Year:		2003
Volume:		20030721
Issue:		18
Page Number:		10552 - 10557
DOI:		10.1073/pnas.1633615100
ISSN/ISBN:		0027-8424 (Print) 1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Phytohormones regulate the protective responses of plants against both biotic and abiotic stresses by means of synergistic or antagonistic actions referred to as signaling crosstalk. A bottleneck in crosstalk research is the quantification of numerous interacting phytohormones and regulators. The chemical analysis of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid is typically achieved by using separate and complex methodologies. Moreover, pathogen-produced phytohormone mimics, such as the phytotoxin coronatine (COR), have not been directly quantified in plant tissues. We address these problems by using a simple preparation and a GC-MS-based metabolic profiling approach. Plant tissue is extracted in aqueous 1-propanol and mixed with dichloromethane. Carboxylic acids present in the organic layer are methylated by using trimethylsilyldiazomethane; analytes are volatilized under heat, collected on a polymeric absorbent, and eluted with solvent into a sample vial. Analytes are separated by using gas chromatography and quantified by using chemical-ionization mass spectrometry that produces predominantly [M+H]+ parent ions. We use this technique to examine levels of COR, phytohormones, and volatile organic compounds in model systems, including Arabidopsis thaliana during infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, corn (Zea mays) under herbivory by corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) after mechanical damage, and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) during drought stress. Numerous complex changes induced by pathogen infection, including the accumulation of COR, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid illustrate the potential and simplicity of this approach in quantifying signaling crosstalk interactions that occur at the level of synthesis and accumulation"
Keywords:		"Abscisic Acid/analysis Amino Acids/analysis Arabidopsis/chemistry/metabolism/microbiology Cyclopentanes/analysis Ethylenes/analysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/*methods Indenes/analysis Indoleacetic Acids/analysis Oils, Volatile/analysis Oxylipin;"
Notes:		"MedlineSchmelz, Eric A Engelberth, Juergen Alborn, Hans T O'Donnell, Phillip Sammons, Matt Toshima, Hiroaki Tumlinson, James H 3rd eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2003/07/23 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 2; 100(18):10552-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1633615100. Epub 2003 Jul 21"