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Phytochemistry

Title:		Feeding by emerald ash borer larvae induces systemic changes in black ash foliar chemistry
Author(s):		Chen Y; Whitehill JG; Bonello P; Poland TM;
Address:		"Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. ygchen@msu.edu"
Journal Title:		Phytochemistry
Year:		2011
Volume:		20110728
Issue:		16
Page Number:		1990 - 1998
DOI:		10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.07.003
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-3700 (Electronic) 0031-9422 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The exotic wood-boring pest, emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), has been threatening North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) resources, this being recognized since its first detection in Michigan, USA and Ontario, Canada in 2002. Ash trees are killed by larval feeding in the cambial region, which results in disruption of photosynthate and nutrient translocation. In this study, changes in volatile and non-volatile foliar phytochemicals of potted 2-yr-old black ash, Fraxinus nigra Marshall, seedlings were observed in response to EAB larval feeding in the main stem. EAB larval feeding affected levels of six compounds [hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-beta-ocimene, methyl salicylate, and (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene] with patterns of interaction depending upon compounds of interest and time of observation. Increased methyl salicylate emission suggests similarity in responses induced by EAB larval feeding and other phloem-feeding herbivores. Overall, EAB larval feeding suppressed (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate emission, elevated (E)-beta-ocimene emission in the first 30days, but emissions leveled off thereafter, and generally increased the emission of (Z,E)-alpha-farnesene. Levels of carbohydrates and phenolics increased overall, while levels of proteins and most amino acids decreased in response to larval feeding. Twenty-three amino acids were consistently detected in the foliage of black ash. The three most abundant amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, while the four least abundant were alpha-aminobutyric acid, beta-aminoisobutyric acid, methionine, and sarcosine. Most (16) foliar free amino acids and 6 of the 9 detected essential amino acids decreased with EAB larval feeding. The ecological consequences of these dynamic phytochemical changes on herbivores harbored by ash trees and potential natural enemies of these herbivores are discussed"
Keywords:		Amino Acids/metabolism Animals Carbohydrate Metabolism Coleoptera/*physiology Feeding Behavior Fraxinus/*chemistry/metabolism/physiology Phenols/metabolism Plant Leaves/chemistry Plant Proteins/metabolism Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry/metabolism;
Notes:		"MedlineChen, Yigen Whitehill, Justin G A Bonello, Pierluigi Poland, Therese M eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England 2011/08/02 Phytochemistry. 2011 Nov; 72(16):1990-8. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.07.003. Epub 2011 Jul 28"