| Title: | The sea-hare Aplysia brasiliana promotes induction in chemical defense in the seaweed Laurencia dendroidea and in their congeneric neighbors |
| Author(s): | Pereira RC; Nocchi N; Souto ML; Fernandez JJ; Norte M; Duarte HM; Soares AR; |
| Address: | "Universidade Federal Fluminense,Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Morro do Valonguinho s/n, 24020-141,Niteroi, Brasil. Electronic address: rcrespo@id.uff.br. Universidade Federal Fluminense,Programa de Pos-graduacao em Dinamica dos Oceanos e da Terra, Avenida General Milton Tavares de Souza, Campus da Praia Vermelha, 24210-346, Niteroi,Brasil; Grupo de Produtos Naturais de Organismos Aquaticos (GPNOA), NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Professor Aloisio Teixeira, Av. Sao Jose do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045, Macae, RJ, Brasil. Instituto Universitario de Bio-Organica 'Antonio Gonzalez' (IUBO), Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Avda. Astrofisico Francisco Sanchez 2, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Grupo de Produtos Naturais de Organismos Aquaticos (GPNOA), NUPEM, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Professor Aloisio Teixeira, Av. Sao Jose do Barreto, 764, 27965 - 045, Macae, RJ, Brasil" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.020 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-2690 (Electronic) 0981-9428 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Inducible chemical defenses are more common in temperate seaweeds than tropical ones, and are directly detected by increase of chemical contents, or indirectly by differential consumption of live seaweed tissues or artificial food with algal extracts by herbivores. In general, seaweed-induced chemical defense occur between 11 and 20 days after both simulated/artificial or direct herbivory. Here, we used experimental procedures to assess induced chemical defense in the tropical red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea as response to direct grazing, chemical cues from grazed conspecific neighbors and only presence of herbivores. Chemical defenses were analyzed by detecting the palatability of artificial food containing L. dendroidea extracts offered to Aplysia brasiliana and by comparative analyses of extracts from this seaweed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, as well as metabolomic data analysis by Principal Component Analysis. Our results revealed that direct grazing by A. brasiliana induced a rapid (after 48 h) response among individuals of L. dendroidea, as did waterborne chemical cues from grazed conspecifics, but the presence of sea hare alone did not elicit a response. Increased resistance to grazing was accompanied by significative changes in sesquiterpene metabolomic chemical profile, revealing that induced defense: may be more widespread among seaweeds, independent of latitude; can involve changes in other classes of substances besides phlorotannins or not only the increase in the content of a single compound; and may be a rapid and ecologically coherent response to consumers. In addition, the importance of incorporating the metabolomic approach when examining inducible chemical defense in seaweeds is also emphasized" |
| Keywords: | Animals *Aplysia *Herbivory Laurencia/*chemistry/physiology Metabolome Seaweed/*chemistry/physiology Chemical cue Chemical defense Herbivory Metabolomics Sesquiterpenes; |
| Notes: | "MedlinePereira, Renato C Nocchi, Nathalia Souto, Maria L Fernandez, Jose J Norte, Manuel Duarte, Heitor M Soares, Angelica R eng France 2020/06/27 Plant Physiol Biochem. 2020 Sep; 154:295-303. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.020. Epub 2020 Jun 17" |
