| Title: | Volatilization of organotin species from municipal waste deposits: novel species identification and modeling of atmospheric stability |
| Author(s): | Krupp EM; Merle JK; Haas K; Foote G; Maubec N; Feldmann J; |
| Address: | "Trace Element Speciation Laboratory, Chemistry, College of Physical Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, United Kingdom. toyoda.s.aa@m.titech.ac.jp" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Organotin compounds are used as pesticides and fungicides as well as additives in plastics. This study identifies the de novo generation of novel volatile organotins in municipal waste deposits and their release via landfill gas. Besides tetramethyltin (Me(4)Sn), a strong neurotoxin, and 5 previously reported organotins, 13 novel ethylated, propylated, and butylated tetraalkyltin compounds were identified. A concentration of 2-4 mug of Sn m(-3) landfill gas was estimated for two landfill sites in Scotland. The atmospheric stability of Me(4)Sn and methylated tin hydrides was determined empirically in a static atmosphere in the dark and under UV light to simulate night- and daytime conditions. Theoretical calculations were carried out to help predict the experimentally obtained stabilities and to estimate the relative stabilities of other alkylated species. Assuming first-order kinetics, the atmospheric half-life for Me(3)SnH was found to be 33 +/- 16 and 1311 +/- 111 h during day- and nighttime conditions, respectively. Polyalkylation and larger alkyl substitutes tend to reduce the atmospheric stability. These results show that substantial concentrations of neurotoxic organotin compounds can be released from landfill sites and are sufficiently stable in the atmosphere to travel over large distances in night- and daytime conditions to populated areas" |
| Keywords: | "Air Pollutants/analysis/*chemistry Atmosphere/*chemistry Environmental Monitoring Hydroxyl Radical/chemistry *Models, Chemical Organotin Compounds/analysis/*chemistry Pesticides/analysis/*chemistry Refuse Disposal Tin/chemistry Volatile Organic Compounds/;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineKrupp, Eva M Merle, John K Haas, Karsten Foote, Gary Maubec, Nicolas Feldmann, Jorg eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2010/12/23 Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Feb 1; 45(3):943-50. doi: 10.1021/es102512u. Epub 2010 Dec 21" |
