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J Econ Entomol

Title:		Surveys for Stenoma catenifer (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) and associated parasitoids infesting avocados in Peru
Author(s):		Hoddle MS; Hoddle CD;
Address:		"Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA. mark.hoddle@ucr.edu"
Journal Title:		J Econ Entomol
Year:		2012
Volume:		105
Issue:		2
Page Number:		402 - 409
DOI:		10.1603/ec11414
ISSN/ISBN:		0022-0493 (Print) 0022-0493 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Surveys for Stenoma catenifer Walsingham, the avocado seed moth, and its associated larval parasitoids were conducted in the Departments of Junin, Huanuco, Cusco, and Madre de Dios in Peru. Fruit infestation levels in some areas ranged from 0 to 58%, and parasitism of S. catenifer larvae in Junin and Huanuco was 23%. Five species of hymenopteran parasitoid in two families, Braconidae (Apanteles sp., Hypomicrogaster sp., and Chelonus sp.) and Ichneumonidae (Pristeromerus sp. and Xiphosomella sp.), were reared from larvae, and one species of tachinid fly (Chrysodoria sp.) emerged from pupae. The dominant larval parasitoid, a gregarious Apanteles sp., accounted for 55% of parasitized hosts. Branch and twig tunneling by S. catenifer larvae in a commercial Hass avocado orchard was observed in Cusco. The field attractiveness of the sex pheromone of S. catenifer was demonstrated with 73% of monitoring traps deployed in three departments (Junin, Huanuco, and Cusco) catching male moths. Approximately 55% of avocado fruit sourced from the Province of Chanchamayo (Junin) and purchased at the Mercado Modelo de Frutas in La Victoria, in central Lima were infested with larvae of S. catenifer. Infested avocado fruit sold at this market could represent a potential incursion threat to coastal Hass avocado production regions in Peru that are reportedly free of this pest"
Keywords:		Animals Diptera/classification/physiology Feeding Behavior Female Larva/drug effects/growth & development/parasitology/physiology Male Moths/drug effects/growth & development/*parasitology/*physiology *Persea Peru Pheromones/pharmacology Pupa/drug effects;
Notes:		"MedlineHoddle, Mark S Hoddle, Christina D eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2012/05/23 J Econ Entomol. 2012 Apr; 105(2):402-9. doi: 10.1603/ec11414"