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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

Title:		"Relationships among cigarette smoking, urinary biomarkers, and urothelial carcinoma risk: a case-control study"
Author(s):		Chung CJ; Hsu HT; Chang CH; Li SW; Liu CS; Chung MC; Wu GW; Jung WT; Kuo YJ; Lee HL;
Address:		"Department of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. cjchung1010@gmail.com. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. cjchung1010@gmail.com. Department of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Urology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Department of Family Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, 510, Zhongzheng Road, Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan. Department of Chemistry, Fu Jen Catholic University, 510, Zhongzheng Road, Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan. 076308@mail.fju.edu.tw"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Year:		2020
Volume:		20200729
Issue:		34
Page Number:		43177 - 43185
DOI:		10.1007/s11356-020-10196-2
ISSN/ISBN:		1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Cigarette smoke is a known risk factor for urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, there is limited information about the distributions and effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on smoking-related UC risk. With this hospital-based case-control study, we explored the associations between urinary levels of cotinine and VOC metabolites (acrylamide, 1,3-butadiene, and benzene) and the risk of UC. Urological examinations and pathological verifications were used to confirm the diagnoses of UC. All study participants provided smoking-related information via questionnaires and face-to-face interviews; they also provided urine samples for the measurement of VOC metabolites, cotinine, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which was used as an indicator of oxidative stress. We applied multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate the risk of UC, and we found that levels of urinary cotinine and 8-OHdG were higher in the UC group than in the control group. Furthermore, urinary levels of VOC metabolites, including N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine (AAMA), N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine-3, trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA), and S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA), increased with increasing levels of urinary cotinine. After adjusting for potential risk factors, dose-response relationships were observed between UC risk and urinary levels of AAMA, t,t-MA, SPMA, and 8-OHdG. Participants with high urinary levels of cotinine, AAMA, t,t-MA, SPMA, and 8-OHdG had risks of UC that were 3.5- to 6-fold higher than those of participants with lower levels. Future, large-scale investigations of the risks of UC should be explored, and repeated measurement of VOC metabolites should be assessed"
Keywords:		Biomarkers Case-Control Studies *Cigarette Smoking Cotinine Humans Smoke 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine Acrylamide Benzenes Butadiene Urothelial carcinoma Volatile organic compound;
Notes:		"MedlineChung, Chi-Jung Hsu, Hui-Tsung Chang, Chao-Hsiang Li, Sheng-Wei Liu, Chiu-Shong Chung, Mu-Chi Wu, Guo-Wei Jung, Wei-Ting Kuo, Yen-Jung Lee, Hui-Ling eng Germany 2020/07/31 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Dec; 27(34):43177-43185. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10196-2. Epub 2020 Jul 29"