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Environ Pollut

Title:		Comparison of indoor air quality during sleep in smokers and non-smokers' bedrooms: A preliminary study
Author(s):		Canha N; Lage J; Coutinho JT; Alves C; Almeida SM;
Address:		"Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066, Bobadela, LRS, Portugal; CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: nunocanha@ctn.tecnico.ulisboa.pt. Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066, Bobadela, LRS, Portugal. CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal"
Journal Title:		Environ Pollut
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190311
Issue:
Page Number:		248 - 256
DOI:		10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.021
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking)
Abstract:		"People spend one third of their life sleeping, but the bedroom, as a specific micro-environment, is often neglected when assessing human exposure to air pollutants. However, exposure during sleep may be significant in the long-term to the integrated individual exposure. This study aimed to assess the exposure during sleep, focusing on a multi-pollutant approach (comfort parameters, carbon dioxide - CO(2), carbon monoxide - CO, formaldehyde (CH(2)O), total volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter - PM(2.5) and PM(10) - and ultrafine particles, particle number concentrations - PNC - and lung deposited surface area - LDSA). For that, the air quality during sleep (in real conditions) was monitored using real-time devices in 12 bedrooms of urban (Lisbon and Vila Franca de Xira) and rural (Ponte de Sor) areas of Portugal for one night. Volunteers were smokers and non-smokers. Considering the Portuguese legislation for indoor air quality (IAQ), 67% of the bedrooms registered CO(2) levels above the limit value, while CH(2)O, VOC, PM(10) and PM(2.5) thresholds were exceeded in 30, 100, 36, and 45% of cases, respectively. Regarding ultrafine parameters, LDSA and PNC ranged from 7.3 to 95.2?ª+mum(2)/cm(3) and from 0.6 to 4.8?ª+x?ª+10(3)/cm(3), respectively. Even with no smoking indoors, smokers' bedrooms were found to have significant higher levels of CO, CH(2)O, PM(2.5), PM(10) and LDSA than non-smokers' bedrooms, showing the effect of thirdhand smoke, exhalation of pollutants after smoking and infiltration on the degradation of the air quality in the bedroom. A recent new model of real-time monitor was also used for a wide set of IAQ parameters. Its performance to measure PM(2.5) and CO(2) was assessed, showing its applicability in real conditions. Although often neglected, these micro-environments should be considered in the integrated individual exposure to air pollutants and further studied. MAIN FINDINGS OF THE WORK: Several pollutants (CO(2), PM, VOCs and CH(2)O) exceeded the guidelines during sleep; smokers are exposed to higher levels of CO, CH(2)O, PM, and LDSA than non-smokers while sleeping"
Keywords:		"Air Pollutants/analysis Air Pollution/analysis Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis/statistics & numerical data Carbon Dioxide/analysis Carbon Monoxide *Environmental Monitoring Formaldehyde/analysis Humans Non-Smokers Particulate Matter/analysis Portugal Smok;"
Notes:		"MedlineCanha, Nuno Lage, Joana Coutinho, Joana Teixeira Alves, Celia Almeida, Susana Marta eng England 2019/03/21 Environ Pollut. 2019 Jun; 249:248-256. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.021. Epub 2019 Mar 11"