| Title: | Emissions of organic compounds from produced water ponds II: Evaluation of flux chamber measurements with inverse-modeling techniques |
| Author(s): | Tran HNQ; Lyman SN; Mansfield ML; O'Neil T; Bowers RL; Smith AP; Keslar C; |
| Address: | "a Bingham Research Center, Utah State University , Vernal , UT , USA. b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , Logan , UT , USA. c GSI Environmental, Inc ., Austin , TX , USA. d Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality , Cheyenne , Wyoming , USA" |
| DOI: | 10.1080/10962247.2018.1426654 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 2162-2906 (Electronic) 1096-2247 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "In this study, the authors apply two different dispersion models to evaluate flux chamber measurements of emissions of 58 organic compounds, including C2-C11 hydrocarbons and methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol from oil- and gas-produced water ponds in the Uintah Basin. Field measurement campaigns using the flux chamber technique were performed at a limited number of produced water ponds in the basin throughout 2013-2016. Inverse-modeling results showed significantly higher emissions than were measured by the flux chamber. Discrepancies between the two methods vary across hydrocarbon compounds and are largest in alcohols due to their physical chemistries. This finding, in combination with findings in a related study using the WATER9 wastewater emission model, suggests that the flux chamber technique may underestimate organic compound emissions, especially alcohols, due to its limited coverage of the pond area and alteration of environmental conditions, especially wind speed. Comparisons of inverse-model estimations with flux chamber measurements varied significantly with the complexity of pond facilities and geometries. Both model results and flux chamber measurements suggest significant contributions from produced water ponds to total organic compound emission from oil and gas productions in the basin. IMPLICATIONS: This research is a component of an extensive study that showed significant amount of hydrocarbon emissions from produced water ponds in the Uintah Basin, Utah. Such findings have important meanings to air quality management agencies in developing control strategies for air pollution in oil and gas fields, especially for the Uintah Basin in which ozone pollutions frequently occurred in winter seasons" |
| Keywords: | "Air Pollutants/*analysis Air Pollution/analysis Environmental Monitoring/methods Hydrocarbons/analysis/chemistry *Models, Theoretical Oil and Gas Fields/chemistry Ozone/analysis Ponds/chemistry Seasons Utah Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis/chemistry W;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineTran, Huy N Q Lyman, Seth N Mansfield, Marc L O'Neil, Trevor Bowers, Richard L Smith, Ann P Keslar, Cara eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2018/01/18 J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2018 Jul; 68(7):713-724. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1426654. Epub 2018 May 11" |
