| Title: | Less Polar Compounds and Targeted Antioxidant Potential (In Vitro and In Vivo) of Codium adhaerens C. Agardh 1822 |
| Author(s): | Radman S; Cikos AM; Flanjak I; Babic S; Cizmek L; Subaric D; Coz-Rakovac R; Jokic S; Jerkovic I; |
| Address: | "Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Rudera Boskovica 35, 21000 Split, Croatia. Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia. Department of Food and Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia. Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhaca 18, 31000 Osijek, Croatia" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1424-8247 (Print) 1424-8247 (Electronic) 1424-8247 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Codium adhaerens from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) was comprehensively investigated regarding less polar compounds for the first time. Although there are several phytochemical studies on C. adhaerens from other regions, this is the first report on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from fresh (FrCa) and air-dried (DrCa) samples. The novelty is also related to its targeted antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo. The main aims were to: (a) identify and compare VOCs of FrCa and DrCa obtained by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD); (b) determine fatty acid (FA) composition of freeze-dried sample (FdCa); (c) determine the composition of less polar fractions of FdCa by high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS); and (d) comprehensively evaluate the antioxidant activity of the fractions by four in vitro assays and in vivo zebrafish model (including embryotoxicity). Significant changes of VOCs were found after air drying. omega6 FAs were present in higher content than omega3 FAs indicating C. adhaerens as a good source of dietary polyunsaturated FAs. The results obtained in vivo correlate well with in vitro methods and both fractions exerted similar antioxidative responses which is in agreement with the high abundance of present biomolecules with known antioxidant properties (e.g., fucoxanthin, pheophytin a, and pheophorbide a). These results suggest that C. adhaerens might be a potent source of natural antioxidants that could be further used in the research of oxidative stress-related diseases" |
| Keywords: | dimethyl sulfide heptadecane pheophorbide a and its derivatives pheophytin a and its derivatives radical scavenging and antioxidant power zebrafish model; |
| Notes: | "PubMed-not-MEDLINERadman, Sanja Cikos, Ana-Marija Flanjak, Ivana Babic, Sanja Cizmek, Lara Subaric, Drago Coz-Rakovac, Rozelindra Jokic, Stela Jerkovic, Igor eng (KK.01.1.1.01); (K.K.01,1.1.01.001)/The Croatian Government and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund-the Competitiveness and Cohesion Operational Programme through the project Bioprospecting of the Adriatic Sea granted to The Scientific Centre of Excellence for/ Switzerland 2021/09/29 Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021 Sep 21; 14(9):944. doi: 10.3390/ph14090944" |
