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Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen

Title:		The genotoxicity of organic extracts from particulate truck emissions produced at various engine operating modes using diesel or biodiesel (B100) fuel: A pilot study
Author(s):		Novotna B; Sikorova J; Milcova A; Pechout M; Dittrich L; Vojtisek-Lom M; Rossner P; Brzicova T; Topinka J;
Address:		"Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic. Department of Vehicles and Engines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; Department of Vehicles and Ground Transport, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic. Department of Vehicles and Engines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic. Department of Vehicles and Engines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; Center of Vehicles for Sustainable Mobility, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic. Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic. Electronic address: jan.topinka@iem.cas.cz"
Journal Title:		Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen
Year:		2019
Volume:		20190317
Issue:
Page Number:		403034 -
DOI:		10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.03.007
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-3592 (Electronic) 1383-5718 (Linking)
Abstract:		"An analysis of the toxic effects of emissions should reflect real traffic conditions. The exhaust emissions of particulate matter from diesel engines strongly depend on their operating conditions, with low-speed, low-load 'urban creep' conditions, common for truck traffic in heavily congested urban areas, being one of the worst. We aimed to detect the genotoxicity of organic extracts from particulate matter in the exhaust of the diesel engine Zetor 1505 running on diesel and biodiesel (B100) fuels at characteristic modes of extended 'urban creep', typical for transit truck traffic in Prague, comparing the first 5 min of idling with extended (20-80 min) idling, full load after idle, 'stabilized' full load, and 30% load. The diluted exhaust was sampled with high volume samplers on glass fiber fluorocarbon coated filters. The filters were extracted with dichloromethane and DNA damage was analyzed in A549 cells using comet assay, with the inclusion of formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) and endonuclease III (ENDOIII) to recognize oxidized DNA bases. The cells were exposed to extractable organic matter (EOM) for 4 and 24 h at non-cytotoxic dose corresponding to 0.001 m(3) of undiluted exhaust gas per ml cell media. At the 4 h exposure interval, all samples from B100 and diesel emissions induced DNA damage. EOM from the extended idle engine mode exerted the strongest genotoxic effect for both fuels. Twenty hours later, the cells exposed to diesel EOM exhibited a further increase of DNA strand breaks compared to the preceding interval. In contrast, DNA damage seemed to be fully repaired in cells treated with EOM derived from biodiesel B100. The preliminary results suggest that (i) diesel emissions are more genotoxic than the emissions from B100, (ii) biodiesel induced DNA lesions are repaired within 24 h"
Keywords:		"A549 Cells Biofuels/analysis/*toxicity Carcinogens, Environmental/analysis/toxicity Cell Survival/drug effects Chemical Fractionation/methods Comet Assay DNA Damage Gasoline/analysis/*toxicity Humans Oxidation-Reduction Particulate Matter/toxicity Pilot P;"
Notes:		"MedlineNovotna, Bozena Sikorova, Jitka Milcova, Alena Pechout, Martin Dittrich, Lubos Vojtisek-Lom, Michal Rossner, Pavel Jr Brzicova, Tana Topinka, Jan eng Comparative Study Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2019/09/29 Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2019 Sep; 845:403034. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.03.007. Epub 2019 Mar 17"