| Title: | "Exposure to 1,3-Butadiene in the U.S. Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016" |
| Author(s): | Nieto A; Zhang L; Bhandari D; Zhu W; Blount BC; De Jesus VR; |
| Address: | "Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA" |
| DOI: | 10.1080/1354750X.2021.1904000 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1366-5804 (Electronic) 1354-750X (Print) 1354-750X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "1,3-Butadiene is a volatile organic compound with a gasoline-like odour that is primarily used as a monomer in the production of synthetic rubber. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified 1,3-butadiene as a human carcinogen. We assessed 1,3-butadiene exposure in the U.S. population by measuring its urinary metabolites N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine (34HBMA), N-acetyl-S-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-propenyl)-L-cysteine (1HMPeMA), N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-butenyl)-L-cysteine (2HBeMA), and N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine (4HBeMA). Urine samples from the 2011 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analysed for 1,3-butadiene metabolites using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. 34HBMA and 4HBeMA were detected in >96% of the samples; 1HMPeMA and 2HBeMA were detected in 0.66% and 9.84% of the samples, respectively. We used sample-weighted linear regression models to examine the influence of smoking status (using a combination of self-reporting and serum-cotinine data), demographic variables, and diet on biomarker levels. The median 4HBeMA among exclusive smokers (31.5 microg/g creatinine) was higher than in non-users (4.11 microg/g creatinine). Similarly, the median 34HBMA among exclusive smokers (391 microg/g creatinine) was higher than in non-users (296 microg/g creatinine). Furthermore, smoking 1-10, 11-20, and >20 cigarettes per day (CPD) was associated with 475%, 849%, and 1143% higher 4HBeMA (p < 0.0001), respectively. Additionally, smoking 1-10, 11-20, and >20 CPD was associated with 33%, 44%, and 102% higher 34HBMA (p < 0.0001). These results provide significant baseline data for 1,3-butadiene exposure in the U.S. population, and demonstrate that tobacco smoke is a major exposure source" |
| Keywords: | "Adolescent Adult Biomarkers/*urine Butadienes/chemistry/metabolism/*urine Carcinogens/*analysis/chemistry/metabolism Child Child, Preschool Cross-Sectional Studies Environmental Exposure/*analysis Female Humans Linear Models Male Middle Aged Molecular Str;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineNieto, Alma Zhang, Luyu Bhandari, Deepak Zhu, Wanzhe Blount, Benjamin C De Jesus, Victor R eng CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/ England 2021/03/18 Biomarkers. 2021 Jun; 26(4):371-383. doi: 10.1080/1354750X.2021.1904000. Epub 2021 Apr 8" |
