| Title: | Measurements of Parameters Controlling the Emissions of Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Indoor Environments |
| Author(s): | Liang Y; Liu X; Allen MR; |
| Address: | "Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education participant at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , 1299 Bethel Valley Road , Oak Ridge , TN 37830 , United States. Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina 27711 , United States. Jacobs Technology, Inc. 600 William Northern Boulevard , Tullahoma , Tennessee 37388 , United States" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Print) 0013-936X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Emission of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) from source materials usually occurs very slowly in indoor environments due to their low volatility. When the SVOC emission process is controlled by external mass transfer, the gas-phase concentration in equilibrium with the material ( y(0)) is used as a key parameter to simplify the source models that are based on solid-phase diffusion. A material-air-material (M-A-M) configured microchamber method was developed to rapidly measure y(0) for a polyisocyanurate rigid foam material containing organophosphate flame retardants (OPRFs). The emission test was conducted in 44 mL microchambers for target OPFRs, including tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (CASRN: 115-96-8), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (CASRN: 13674-84-5), and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (CASRN: 13674-87-8). In addition to the microchamber emission test, two other types of tests were conducted to determine y(0) for the same foam material: OPFR diffusive tube sampling tests from the OPFR source foam using stainless-steel thermal desorption tubes and sorption tests of OPFR on an OPFR-free foam in a 53 L small chamber. Comparison of parameters obtained from the three methods suggests that the discrepancy could be caused by a combination of theoretical, experimental, and computational differences. Based on the y(0) measurements, a linear relationship between the ratio of y(0) to saturated vapor pressure concentration and material-phase mass fractions has been found for phthalates and OPFRs" |
| Keywords: | "*Air Pollution, Indoor *Flame Retardants Organic Chemicals Organophosphates Vapor Pressure;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineLiang, Yirui Liu, Xiaoyu Allen, Matthew R eng EPA999999/Intramural EPA/ Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2018/04/20 Environ Sci Technol. 2018 May 15; 52(10):5821-5829. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00224. Epub 2018 Apr 27" |
