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Biochim Biophys Acta

Title:		Exhaled breath and fecal volatile organic biomarkers of chronic kidney disease
Author(s):		Meinardi S; Jin KB; Barletta B; Blake DR; Vaziri ND;
Address:		"Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"
Journal Title:		Biochim Biophys Acta
Year:		2013
Volume:		1830
Issue:		3
Page Number:		2531 - 2537
DOI:		10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.12.006
ISSN/ISBN:		0006-3002 (Print) 0006-3002 (Linking)
Abstract:		"BACKGROUND: While much is known about the effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on composition of body fluids little is known regarding its impact on the gases found in exhaled breath or produced by intestinal microbiome. We have recently shown significant changes in the composition of intestinal microbiome in humans and animals with CKD. This study tested the hypothesis that uremia-induced changes in cellular metabolism and intestinal microbiome may modify the volatile organic metabolites found in the exhaled breath or generated by intestinal flora. METHODS: SD rats were randomized to CKD (5/6 nephrectomy) or control (sham operation) groups. Exhaled breath was collected by enclosing each animal in a glass chamber flushed with clean air, then sealed for 45 min and the trapped air collected. Feces were collected, dissolved in pure water, incubated at 37 degrees C in glass reactors for 24 h and the trapped air collected. Collected gases were analyzed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: Over 50 gases were detected in the exhaled breath and 36 in cultured feces. Four gases in exhaled breath and 4 generated by cultured feces were significantly different in the two groups. The exhaled breath in CKD rats showed an early rise in isoprene and a late fall in linear aldehydes. The CKD animals' cultured feces released larger amounts of dimethyldisulfide, dimethyltrisulfide, and two thioesters. CONCLUSIONS: CKD significantly changes the composition of exhaled breath and gaseous products of intestinal flora. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Analysis of breath and bowel gases may provide useful biomarkers for detection and progression of CKD and its complications"
Keywords:		"Aldehydes/analysis/metabolism Animals Biomarkers/analysis/metabolism Breath Tests Butadienes/analysis/metabolism Chromatography, Gas Disease Models, Animal Disease Progression Disulfides/analysis/metabolism Exhalation Feces/chemistry Gases/*analysis/metab;"
Notes:		"MedlineMeinardi, Simone Jin, Kyu-Bok Barletta, Barbara Blake, Donald R Vaziri, Nosratola D eng Netherlands 2013/01/01 Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Mar; 1830(3):2531-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.12.006"