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Plant Cell Physiol

Title:		Density-dependent interference of aphids with caterpillar-induced defenses in Arabidopsis: involvement of phytohormones and transcription factors
Author(s):		Kroes A; van Loon JJ; Dicke M;
Address:		"Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Radix building, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Radix building, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands marcel.dicke@wur.nl"
Journal Title:		Plant Cell Physiol
Year:		2015
Volume:		20141022
Issue:		1
Page Number:		98 - 106
DOI:		10.1093/pcp/pcu150
ISSN/ISBN:		1471-9053 (Electronic) 0032-0781 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In nature, plants are exposed to attacks by multiple herbivore species at the same time. To cope with these attacks, plants regulate defenses with the production of hormones such as salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Because herbivore densities are dynamic in time, this may affect plant-mediated interactions between different herbivores attacking at the same time. In Arabidopsis thaliana, feeding by Brevicoryne brassicae aphids interferes with induced defenses against Plutella xylostella caterpillars. This is density dependent: at a low aphid density, the growth rate of P. xylostella was increased, whereas caterpillars feeding on plants colonized by aphids at a high density have a reduced growth rate. Growth of P. xylostella larvae was unaffected on sid2-1 or on dde2-2 mutant plants when feeding simultaneously with a low or high aphid density. This shows that aphid interference with caterpillar-induced defenses requires both SA and JA signal transduction pathways. Transcriptional analysis revealed that simultaneous feeding by caterpillars and aphids at a low density induced the expression of the SA transcription factor gene WRKY70 whereas expression of WRKY70 was lower in plants induced with both caterpillars and a high aphid density. Interestingly, the expression of the JA transcription factor gene MYC2 was significantly higher in plants simultaneously attacked by aphids at a high density and caterpillars. These results indicate that a lower expression level of WRKY70 leads to significantly higher MYC2 expression through SA-JA cross-talk. Thus, plant-mediated interactions between aphids and caterpillars are density dependent and involve phytohormonal cross-talk and differential activation of transcription factors"
Keywords:		Animals Aphids/growth & development/*physiology Arabidopsis/genetics/immunology/*physiology Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/*metabolism Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism Cyclopentanes/metabolism Gene Expression;
Notes:		"MedlineKroes, Anneke van Loon, Joop J A Dicke, Marcel eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Japan 2014/10/24 Plant Cell Physiol. 2015 Jan; 56(1):98-106. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcu150. Epub 2014 Oct 22"