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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Title:		Exposure of Solidago altissima plants to volatile emissions of an insect antagonist (Eurosta solidaginis) deters subsequent herbivory
Author(s):		Helms AM; De Moraes CM; Tooker JF; Mescher MC;
Address:		"Center for Chemical Ecology, Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"
Journal Title:		Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Year:		2013
Volume:		20121213
Issue:		1
Page Number:		199 - 204
DOI:		10.1073/pnas.1218606110
ISSN/ISBN:		1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Print) 0027-8424 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Recent work indicates that plants respond to environmental odors. For example, some parasitic plants grow toward volatile cues from their host plants, and other plants have been shown to exhibit enhanced defense capability after exposure to volatile emissions from herbivore-damaged neighbors. Despite such intriguing discoveries, we currently know relatively little about the occurrence and significance of plant responses to olfactory cues in natural systems. Here we explore the possibility that some plants may respond to the odors of insect antagonists. We report that tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) plants exposed to the putative sex attractant of a closely associated herbivore, the gall-inducing fly Eurosta solidaginis, exhibit enhanced defense responses and reduced susceptibility to insect feeding damage. In a field study, egg-laying E. solidaginis females discriminated against plants previously exposed to the sex-specific volatile emissions of males; furthermore, overall rates of herbivory were reduced on exposed plants. Consistent with these findings, laboratory assays documented reduced performance of the specialist herbivore Trirhabda virgata on plants exposed to male fly emissions (or crude extracts), as well as enhanced induction of the key defense hormone jasmonic acid in exposed plants after herbivory. These unexpected findings from a classic ecological study system provide evidence for a previously unexplored class of plant-insect interactions involving plant responses to insect-derived olfactory cues"
Keywords:		Animals *Cues Cyclopentanes/analysis Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Herbivory/*drug effects Male Oxylipins/analysis Pennsylvania Sex Attractants/*pharmacology Sex Factors Solidago/*drug effects Tephritidae/*chemistry Volatile Organic Compound;
Notes:		"MedlineHelms, Anjel M De Moraes, Consuelo M Tooker, John F Mescher, Mark C eng Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2012/12/15 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jan 2; 110(1):199-204. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1218606110. Epub 2012 Dec 13"