| Title: | "Reductions in urinary metabolites of exposure to household air pollution in pregnant, rural Guatemalan women provided liquefied petroleum gas stoves" |
| Author(s): | Weinstein JR; Diaz-Artiga A; Benowitz N; Thompson LM; |
| Address: | "School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. lisa.thompson@emory.edu. Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. lisa.thompson@emory.edu" |
| Journal Title: | J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41370-019-0163-0 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1559-064X (Electronic) 1559-0631 (Print) 1559-0631 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "BACKGROUND: Household air pollution from solid fuels is a leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pregnant women's exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), two components of solid-fuel smoke, is associated with adverse birth outcomes. Even with improved solid-fuel stoves, exposure to PAHs and VOCs remains high. Therefore, cleaner cooking fuels need to be prioritized. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify exposure reduction to PAHs and VOCs among pregnant women in rural Guatemala with a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urine from pregnant women (N = 50) was collected twice: at <20 weeks gestation, when women cooked exclusively with wood, and 6-8 weeks after receiving an LPG stove. Metabolites of four PAHs and eight VOCs were analyzed. Concurrent with urine collection, personal 48-h PM(2.5) exposure was measured. RESULTS: Women cooking exclusively with wood were exposed to high levels of particulate matter (PM(2.5)), which was reduced by 57% with the LPG stove. Urinary concentrations of total PAH metabolites (-37%), PMA (benzene metabolite; -49%), and CNEMA (acrylonitrile metabolite; -51%) were reduced. However, recent use of a wood-fired sauna bath led to large increases in excretion of urinary toxicant metabolites (+66-135%). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to report PAH and VOC reductions from an LPG stove intervention introduced during pregnancy. However, other sources of air pollution minimized the gains seen from using an LPG stove. Thus, all sources of air pollution must be addressed in concert to reduce exposures to levels that protect health" |
| Keywords: | "Air Pollution Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis/*statistics & numerical data Cooking Family Characteristics Female Humans Maternal Exposure/*statistics & numerical data Particulate Matter/analysis/*urine Petroleum/adverse effects Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocar;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineWeinstein, John R Diaz-Artiga, Anaite Benowitz, Neal Thompson, Lisa M eng L60 MD003455/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/ P30 DA012393/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ R21 ES025032/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ S10 RR026437/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural 2019/09/04 J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2020 Mar; 30(2):362-373. doi: 10.1038/s41370-019-0163-0. Epub 2019 Sep 2" |
