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Horm Behav

Title:		Sex steroids as pheromones in mammals: the exceptional role of estradiol
Author(s):		Decatanzaro D;
Address:		"Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada. Electronic address: decatanz@mcmaster.ca"
Journal Title:		Horm Behav
Year:		2015
Volume:		20140811
Issue:
Page Number:		103 - 116
DOI:		10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.08.003
ISSN/ISBN:		1095-6867 (Electronic) 0018-506X (Linking)
Abstract:		"This article is part of a Special Issue (Chemosignals and Reproduction). Whether from endogenous or exogenous sources, 17beta-estradiol (E2) has very powerful influences over mammalian female reproductive physiology and behavior. Given its highly lipophilic nature and low molecular mass, E2 readily enters excretions and can be absorbed from exogenous sources via nasal, cutaneous, and other modes of exposure. Indeed, systemic injection of tritiated estradiol ((3)H-E2) into a male mouse or bat has been shown to produce significant levels of radioactivity in the reproductive tissues and brain of cohabiting female conspecifics. Bioactive E2 and other steroids are naturally found in male mouse urine and other excretions, and males actively direct their urine at proximate females. Very low doses of E2 can mimic the Bruce effect (disruption of peri-implantation pregnancy by novel males), the Vandenbergh effect (early reproductive maturation induced by novel males), and male-induced estrus and ovulation. Males' capacities to induce the Bruce and Vandenbergh effects can both be diminished by manipulations that reduce their urinary E2. Uterine dynamics during the Bruce and Vandenbergh effects are consistent with the actions of E2. Collectively, these data demonstrate a critical role of male-sourced E2 in these major mammalian pheromonal effects"
Keywords:		"Animals Estradiol/*pharmacology Female Male Mice/*physiology Pheromones/*pharmacology Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology Bruce effect Estradiol Estrogens Induced ovulation Pheromones Vandenbergh effect Whitten effect;Neuroscience;"
Notes:		"MedlinedeCatanzaro, Denys eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review 2014/08/16 Horm Behav. 2015 Feb; 68:103-16. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.08.003. Epub 2014 Aug 11"