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J Chromatogr A

Title:		Solid-phase microextraction set-up for the analysis of liver volatolome to detect livestock exposure to micropollutants
Author(s):		Bouhlel J; Ratel J; Abouelkaram S; Mercier F; Travel A; Baeza E; Jondreville C; Dervilly-Pinel G; Marchand P; Le Bizec B; Dubreil E; Mompelat S; Verdon E; Inthavong C; Guerin T; Rutledge DN; Engel E;
Address:		"INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS laboratory, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France; INRA, UMR GENIAL, AgroParisTech, Universite Paris-Saclay, Massy, France. INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS laboratory, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France. INRA, ITAVI, Centre de Tours, Nouzilly, France. INRA, URA83, Nouzilly, France. Oniris, LABERCA, Nantes, France. ANSES, Reference laboratory for veterinary drug residues in food, Fougeres, France. ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort, France. INRA, UMR GENIAL, AgroParisTech, Universite Paris-Saclay, Massy, France. INRA, UR370 QuaPA, MASS laboratory, Saint-Genes-Champanelle, France. Electronic address: erwan.engel@inra.fr"
Journal Title:		J Chromatogr A
Year:		2017
Volume:		20170307
Issue:
Page Number:		9 - 18
DOI:		10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.008
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-3778 (Electronic) 0021-9673 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Starting from a critical analysis of a first 'proof of concept' study on the utility of the liver volatolome for detecting livestock exposure to environmental micropollutants (Berge et al., 2011), the primary aim of this paper is to improve extraction conditions so as to obtain more representative extracts by using an extraction temperature closer to livestock physiological conditions while minimizing analytical variability and maximizing Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) abundancies. Levers related to extraction conditions and sample preparation were assessed in the light of both abundance and coefficient of variation of 22 candidate VOC markers identified in earlier volatolomic studies. Starting with a CAR/PDMS fiber and a 30min extraction, the reduction of SPME temperature to 40 degrees C resulted in a significant decrease in the area of 14 candidate VOC markers (p<0.05), mainly carbonyls and alcohols but also a reduction in the coefficient of variation for 17 of them. In order to restore VOC abundances and to minimize variability, two approaches dealing with sample preparation were investigated. By increasing sample defrosting time at 4 degrees C from 0 to 24h yielded higher abundances and lower variabilities for 15 and 13 compounds, respectively. Lastly, by using additives favouring the release of VOCs (1.2g of NaCl) the sensitivity of the analysis was improved with a significant increase in VOC abundances of more than 50% for 13 out of the 22 candidate markers. The modified SPME parameters significantly enhanced the abundances while decreasing the analytical variability for most candidate VOC markers. The second step was to validate the ability of the revised SPME protocol to discriminate intentionally contaminated broiler chickens from controls, under case/control animal testing conditions. After verification of the contamination levels of the animals by national reference laboratories, data analysis by a multivariate chemometric method (Common Components and Specific Weights Analysis - ComDim) showed that the liver volatolome could reveal dietary exposure of broilers to a group of environmental pollutants (PCBs), a veterinary treatment (monensin), and a pesticide (deltamethrin), thus confirming the usefulness of this analytical set-up"
Keywords:		Alcohols/analysis Animals Chickens/metabolism Environmental Pollutants/*analysis Liver/*chemistry Livestock/*metabolism Monensin/analysis Nitriles/analysis Pesticides/analysis Pyrethrins/analysis Solid Phase Microextraction/*methods Temperature Volatile O;Animals;
Notes:		"MedlineBouhlel, Jihene Ratel, Jeremy Abouelkaram, Said Mercier, Frederic Travel, Angelique Baeza, Elisabeth Jondreville, Catherine Dervilly-Pinel, Gaud Marchand, Philippe Le Bizec, Bruno Dubreil, Estelle Mompelat, Sophie Verdon, Eric Inthavong, Chanthadary Guerin, Thierry Rutledge, Douglas N Engel, Erwan eng Netherlands 2017/04/04 J Chromatogr A. 2017 May 12; 1497:9-18. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.008. Epub 2017 Mar 7"