| Title: | Improved quantification of livestock associated odorous volatile organic compounds in a standard flow-through system using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry |
| Author(s): | Yang X; Zhu W; Koziel JA; Cai L; Jenks WS; Laor Y; Leeuwen JH; Hoff SJ; |
| Address: | "Department of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3080, USA. Department of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3080, USA; Interdepartmental Toxicology Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Department of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3080, USA; Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Electronic address: koziel@iastate.edu. Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat-Yishay, Israel. Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Department of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-3080, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.034 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-3778 (Electronic) 0021-9673 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Aerial emissions of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are an important nuisance factor from livestock production systems. Reliable air sampling and analysis methods are needed to develop and test odor mitigation technologies. Quantification of VOCs responsible for livestock odor remains an analytical challenge due to physicochemical properties of VOCs and the requirement for low detection thresholds. A new air sampling and analysis method was developed for testing of odor/VOCs mitigation in simulated livestock emissions system. A flow-through standard gas generating system simulating odorous VOCs in livestock barn emissions was built on laboratory scale and tested to continuously generate ten odorous VOCs commonly defining livestock odor. Standard VOCs included sulfur VOCs (S-VOCs), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and p-cresol. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was optimized for sampling of diluted odorous gas mixtures in the moving air followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. CAR/PDMS 85mum fiber was shown to have the best sensitivity for the target odorous VOCs. A practical 5-min sampling time was selected to ensure optimal extraction of VFAs and p-cresol, as well as minimum displacement of S-VOCs. Method detection limits ranged from 0.39 to 2.64ppbv for S-VOCs, 0.23 to 0.77ppbv for VFAs, and 0.31ppbv for p-cresol. The method developed was applied to quantify VOCs and odorous VOC mitigation with UV light treatment. The measured concentrations ranged from 20.1 to 815ppbv for S-VOCs, 10.3 to 315ppbv for VFAs, and 4.73 to 417ppbv for p-cresol. Relative standard deviations between replicates ranged from 0.67% to 12.9%, 0.50% to 11.4%, 0.83% to 5.14% for S-VOCs, VFAs, and p-cresol, respectively. This research shows that a simple manual SPME sampler could be used successfully for quantification of important classes of odorous VOCs at concentrations relevant for real aerial emissions from livestock operations" |
| Keywords: | "Animals Cresols/analysis Fatty Acids, Volatile/analysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods *Livestock *Odorants/analysis Solid Phase Microextraction/methods Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis Air sampling Gc-ms Odor Spme Standard gas generatio;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineYang, Xiuyan Zhu, Wenda Koziel, Jacek A Cai, Lingshuang Jenks, William S Laor, Yael Leeuwen, J Hans van Hoff, Steven J eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2015/10/13 J Chromatogr A. 2015 Oct 2; 1414:31-40. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.034. Epub 2015 Aug 20" |
