| Title: | Comparison of Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure between Premium and Discount Brand Cigarette Smokers in the NHANES 2011-2012 Special Sample |
| Author(s): | Wasserman EJ; Reilly SM; Goel R; Foulds J; Richie JP; Muscat JE; |
| Address: | "Department of Public Health Sciences, Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Department of Public Health Sciences, Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. jmuscat@pennstatehealth.psu.edu" |
| Journal Title: | Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev |
| DOI: | 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0869 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1538-7755 (Electronic) 1055-9965 (Print) 1055-9965 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Background: Increased cigarette costs have inadvertently strengthened the appeal of discounted brands to price-sensitive smokers. Although smokers perceive discounted brands as having poorer quality, little is known about their delivery of toxic tobacco smoke constituents compared with premium-branded tobacco products.Methods: We investigated the differences between discount and premium brand smokers using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 Special Smoker Sample. Our analyses focused on demographic differences and 27 biomarkers of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHC) listed by the FDA, including volatile organic compounds, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronide [4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol glucuronide; reported as total NNAL (tNNAL)], metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Data were analyzed using linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders.Results: A total of 976 non-tobacco users and 578 recent cigarette smokers were eligible for analysis, of which 141 (26.0% weighted) smoked discount brand cigarettes and 437 (74.0% weighted) smoked premium. Discount brand smokers were older, predominantly non-Hispanic white, and had higher serum cotinine. Discount brand smokers had significantly higher levels of 13 smoking-related biomarkers, including tNNAL, uranium, styrene, xylene, and biomarkers of exposure to PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene, and phenanthrene), compared with premium brand smokers.Conclusions: These findings suggest that discount cigarette use is associated with higher exposure to several carcinogenic and toxic HPHCs.Impact: These results may have important regulatory implications for product standards, as higher exposures could lead to a greater degree of harm. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(5); 601-9. (c)2018 AACR" |
| Keywords: | Adult Age Factors Biomarkers/blood/urine Carcinogens/*analysis/toxicity Environmental Exposure/economics/*statistics & numerical data Female Humans Male Middle Aged Smoking/*adverse effects/blood/economics/urine Tobacco Products/economics/*toxicity United; |
| Notes: | "MedlineWasserman, Emily J Reilly, Samantha M Goel, Reema Foulds, Jonathan Richie, John P Jr Muscat, Joshua E eng P50 DA036107/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ R01 DA026815/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ Comparative Study Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. 2018/03/08 Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018 May; 27(5):601-609. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0869. Epub 2018 Mar 6" |
