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Bioresour Technol

Title:		Microwave-assisted chemical pre-treatment of waste sorghum leaves: Process optimization and development of an intelligent model for determination of volatile compound fractions
Author(s):		Rorke DCS; Suinyuy TN; Gueguim Kana EB;
Address:		"School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Electronic address: kanag@ukzn.ac.za"
Journal Title:		Bioresour Technol
Year:		2017
Volume:		20161022
Issue:
Page Number:		590 - 600
DOI:		10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.048
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-2976 (Electronic) 0960-8524 (Linking)
Abstract:		"This study reports the profiling of volatile compounds generated during microwave-assisted chemical pre-treatment of sorghum leaves. Compounds including acetic acid (0-186.26ng/g SL), furfural (0-240.80ng/g SL), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (0-19.20ng/g SL) and phenol (0-7.76ng/g SL) were detected. The reducing sugar production was optimized. An intelligent model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) was developed and validated to predict a profile of 21 volatile compounds under novel pre-treatment conditions. This model gave R(2)-values of up to 0.93. Knowledge extraction revealed furfural and phenol exhibited high sensitivity to acid- and alkali concentration and S:L ratio, while phenol showed high sensitivity to microwave duration and intensity. Furthermore, furfural production was majorly dependent on acid concentration and fit a dosage-response relationship model with a 2.5% HCl threshold. Significant non-linearities were observed between pre-treatment conditions and the profile of various compounds. This tool reduces analytical costs through virtual analytical instrumentation, improving process economics"
Keywords:		"Acetic Acid/analysis Furaldehyde/analogs & derivatives/analysis Hydrochloric Acid/chemistry *Microwaves Models, Theoretical Monosaccharides/metabolism Neural Networks, Computer Phenols/chemistry Plant Leaves/*chemistry/metabolism Sorghum/*chemistry/metabo;"
Notes:		"MedlineRorke, Daneal C S Suinyuy, Terence N Gueguim Kana, E B eng England 2016/11/05 Bioresour Technol. 2017 Jan; 224:590-600. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.048. Epub 2016 Oct 22"