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Sci Total Environ

Title:		Indoor air quality in two French hospitals: Measurement of chemical and microbiological contaminants
Author(s):		Baures E; Blanchard O; Mercier F; Surget E; Le Cann P; Rivier A; Gangneux JP; Florentin A;
Address:		"Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en sante, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Avenue du Professeur Leon Bernard, F 35000 Rennes, France. Electronic address: estelle.baures@ehesp.fr. Univ Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de recherche en sante, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Avenue du Professeur Leon Bernard, F 35000 Rennes, France. Service d'Hygiene et d'Analyses Environnementales, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nancy, Rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les Nancy, France. Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Rennes, 2 Rue Henri le Guilloux, 35000 Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, Irset (Institut de recherche en sante, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Avenue du professeur Leon Bernard, F 35000 Rennes, France. Service d'Hygiene et d'Analyses Environnementales, Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nancy, Rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-les Nancy, France; Departement d'Hygiene, des Risques Environnementaux et Associes aux Soins - Faculte de Medecine, Universite de Lorraine, 9 Avenue de la Foret de Haye, BP 20199, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les Nancy cedex, France"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180609
Issue:
Page Number:		168 - 179
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.047
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"In addition to being influenced by the environment, the indoor air pollution in hospitals may be associated with specific compounds emitted from various products used, health care activities and building materials. This study has enabled assessment of the chemical and microbiological concentrations of indoor air in two French hospitals. Based on an integrated approach, the methodology defined aims to measure concentrations of a wide range of chemical compounds (>50 volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds), particle concentrations (PM(10) and PM(2.5)), microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and viruses) and ambient parameters (temperature, relative humidity, pressure and carbon dioxide). Chemical and microbiological air concentrations were measured during two campaigns (winter and summer) and across seven rooms (for spatial variability). The results have shown that indoor air contains a complex mixture of chemical, physical and microbiological compounds. Concentrations in the same order of magnitude were found in both hospitals. Compared to dwelling indoor air, our study shows low, at least equivalent, contamination for non-hospital specific parameters (aldehydes, limonene, phthalates, aromatic hydrocarbons), which is related to ventilation efficiency. Chemical compounds retrieved at the highest concentration and frequencies are due to healthcare activities, for example alcohol - most commonly ethanol - and hand rubbing (median concentration: ethanol 245.7?ª+mug/m(3) and isopropanol 13.6?ª+mug/m(3)); toluene and staining in parasitology (highest median concentration in Nancy laboratory: 2.1?ª+mug/m(3)))"
Keywords:		"Air Pollutants/*analysis Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis/statistics & numerical data *Environmental Monitoring France *Hospitals Ventilation Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Air sampling methodology Hospital Indoor air Pollutants Spatial and temporal v;"
Notes:		"MedlineBaures, Estelle Blanchard, Olivier Mercier, Fabien Surget, Emilie le Cann, Pierre Rivier, Alexandre Gangneux, Jean-Pierre Florentin, Arnaud eng Netherlands 2018/06/13 Sci Total Environ. 2018 Nov 15; 642:168-179. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.047. Epub 2018 Jun 9"