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Environ Int

Title:		Common SVOCs in house dust from urban dwellings with schoolchildren in six typical cities of China and associated non-dietary exposure and health risk assessment
Author(s):		Fan G; Xie J; Yoshino H; Zhang H; Li Z; Li N; Liu J; Lv Y; Zhu S; Yanagi U; Hasegawa K; Kagi N; Zhang X; Liu J;
Address:		"Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Built Environment and Energy Efficient Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. Electronic address: xiejc@bjut.edu.cn. Department of Architectural and Building Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai, China. School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China. College of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. School of Architecture, Kogakuin University, Japan. Department of Architecture and Environmental Systems, Akita Prefectural University, Japan. School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan"
Journal Title:		Environ Int
Year:		2018
Volume:		20180820
Issue:
Page Number:		431 - 442
DOI:		10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.031
ISSN/ISBN:		1873-6750 (Electronic) 0160-4120 (Linking)
Abstract:		"This paper presents concentrations of common SVOCs in house dusts from urban dwellings with schoolchildren in six typical Chinese cities in winter and summer. Among the detected SVOCs, DBP and DEHP have a higher detection rate. The levels of these two substances contribute an average proportion of over 90% of the total SVOCs' levels, and show a significant correlation in most cities. Based on measured concentrations, schoolchildren's non-dietary exposures to DBP and DEHP at homes are estimated. Due to a longer time spent in child's bedrooms, children's non-dietary exposures to phthalates in child's bedrooms are greatly higher than that in living rooms. As for DBP non-dietary exposure, the most significant pathway is dermal absorption from air, accounting for >70%, whereas, the most predominant pathway for DEHP non-dietary exposure is dust ingestion, contributing from 61.5% to 91.9%. Based on estimated exposure doses, child-specific reproductive and cancer risk are assessed by comparing the exposure doses with DBP and DEHP benchmarks specified in California's Proposition 65. Owing to the high DBP exposure, nearly all of target schoolchildren appear to have a severe reproductive risk, although only non-dietary exposures at home are considered in this study. The average risk quotient of DBP exposure for child-specific MADL in all cities is 31.27 in winter and 10.35 in summer. Also, some schoolchildren are confronted with potential carcinogenic risk, because DEHP exposure exceeds child-specific NSRLs. The maximum DEHP exposure exceeds the cancer benchmark by over 6 times. These results also indicate that controlling indoor phthalates pollution at home is urgent to ensure the healthy development of children in China"
Keywords:		"Air Pollution, Indoor/*analysis Child China Cities Dust/*analysis Eating Environmental Exposure/*analysis Environmental Pollutants/*analysis Female Humans Male Neoplasms Phthalic Acids/*analysis Risk Assessment Skin Absorption Volatile Organic Compounds/*;"
Notes:		"MedlineFan, Guangtao Xie, Jingchao Yoshino, Hiroshi Zhang, Huibo Li, Zhenhai Li, Nianping Liu, Jing Lv, Yang Zhu, Shengwei Yanagi, U Hasegawa, Kenichi Kagi, Naoki Zhang, Xiaojing Liu, Jiaping eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2018/08/24 Environ Int. 2018 Nov; 120:431-442. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.031. Epub 2018 Aug 20"