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Plant Cell

Title:		Evolution of floral scent in Clarkia: novel patterns of S-linalool synthase gene expression in the C. breweri flower
Author(s):		Dudareva N; Cseke L; Blanc VM; Pichersky E;
Address:		"Biology Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA"
Journal Title:		Plant Cell
Year:		1996
Volume:		8
Issue:		7
Page Number:		1137 - 1148
DOI:		10.1105/tpc.8.7.1137
ISSN/ISBN:		1040-4651 (Print) 1532-298X (Electronic) 1040-4651 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Flowers of Clarkia breweri, an annual plant from the coastal range of California, emit a strong sweet scent of which S-linalool, an acyclic monoterpene, is a major component. Chromosomal, chemical, and morphological data, and the species' geographic distribution, suggest that C. breweri evolved from an extant nonscented species, C. concinna. A cDNA of Lis, the gene encoding S-linalool synthase, was isolated from C. breweri. We show that in C. breweri, Lis is highly expressed in cells of the transmitting tract of the stigma and style and in the epidermal cells of petals, as well as in stamens, whereas in the nonscented C. concinna, Lis is expressed only in the stigma and at a relatively low level. In both species, changes in protein levels parallel changes in mRNA levels, and changes in enzyme activity levels parallel changes in protein levels. The results indicate that in C. breweri, the expression of Lis has been upregulated and its range enlarged to include cells not expressing this gene in C. concinna. These results show how scent can evolve in a relatively simple way without the evolution of highly specialized 'scent glands' and other specialized structures. Lis encodes a protein that is structurally related to the family of proteins termed terpene synthases. The protein encoded by Lis is the first member of this family found to catalyze the formation of an acyclic monoterpene"
Keywords:		"Acyclic Monoterpenes Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence California Chromosome Mapping Cloning, Molecular DNA, Complementary Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Hydro-Lyases/*b;"
Notes:		"MedlineDudareva, N Cseke, L Blanc, V M Pichersky, E eng 5T32GM07544/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ 5T32GM08353/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ Comparative Study Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. England 1996/07/01 Plant Cell. 1996 Jul; 8(7):1137-48. doi: 10.1105/tpc.8.7.1137"