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Sci Total Environ

Title:		Assessing soil-air partitioning of PAHs and PCBs with a new fugacity passive sampler
Author(s):		Donald CE; Anderson KA;
Address:		"Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Ag. and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR, USA. Electronic address: kim.anderson@oregonstate.edu"
Journal Title:		Sci Total Environ
Year:		2017
Volume:		20170421
Issue:
Page Number:		293 - 302
DOI:		10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.095
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Print) 0048-9697 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Soil-air fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined using a novel application of passive samplers to measure air and soil air, which is air in close proximity and in equilibrium with soil. Existing methods to measure flux of semi-volatile compounds between soil and air require collecting samples from the top soil layer. Yet, the top soil layer is hard to define and oversampling may misrepresent the exchangeable fraction. Alternatively, modified active samplers can measure soil air in situ, but require electricity while deployed. We present a new method to measure time-weighted averages of soil air concentrations in situ using passive sampling and requiring no electricity: a box is placed over low-density polyethylene passive samplers deployed 1cm above the soil. Passive air samplers were also co-deployed 1.5m above the soil to measure ambient air concentrations in three U.S. LOCATIONS: near a former PCB manufacturing facility in Anniston, Alabama; on a former creosoting and the current Wyckoff/Eagle Superfund site near Seattle, Washington; and near the site of a recent oil-train derailment and fire in Mosier, Oregon. Following n-hexane extraction, sampler extracts were analyzed for PAHs with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and PCBs with dual gas chromatography-electron capture detectors. PAHs were generally depositing at Anniston and Mosier sites, but volatilizing from soil in Wyckoff, the site with historically-contaminated soil. PCBs were detected most frequently at the Anniston site, although levels were lower than previous reports. Variability in concentration measurements was greater among soil air samplers than air samplers, likely due to soil heterogeneity. Environmental conditions under the novel soil air box did not substantially change soil-air partitioning behavior. This method of measuring soil air in situ will allow for understanding of source-sink dynamics at sites with recent and historical contamination, and where conventional sampling is challenging"
Keywords:		Fugacity ratio In situ Persistent organic pollutants Polychlorinated biphenyls Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Soil flux;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINEDonald, Carey E Anderson, Kim A eng P30 ES000210/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ P42 ES016465/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ T32 ES007060/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ Netherlands 2017/04/25 Sci Total Environ. 2017 Oct 15; 596-597:293-302. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.095. Epub 2017 Apr 21"