« Previous Abstract"In a belowground multitrophic interaction, Trichoderma harzianum induces maize root herbivore tolerance against Phyllophaga vetula"    Next AbstractAmniotic fluid elicits appetitive responses in human newborns: fatty acids and appetitive responses »

Neuropsychobiology

Title:		2-Heptanone increases the firing rate of the basal amygdala: role of anterior olfactory epithelial organs
Author(s):		Contreras CM; Gutierrez-Garcia AG; Molina-Jimenez T; Mendoza-Lopez R;
Address:		"Unidad Periferica Xalapa, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Xalapa, Mexico. ccontreras@uv.mx"
Journal Title:		Neuropsychobiology
Year:		2012
Volume:		20120829
Issue:		3
Page Number:		167 - 173
DOI:		10.1159/000339946
ISSN/ISBN:		1423-0224 (Electronic) 0302-282X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Wistar rats subjected to physical stress release a urine alarm pheromone (2-heptanone) that produces signs of anxiety and despair in receptor rats not subjected to physical stress. However, unknown are the effects of 2-heptanone on the firing rate of the basal amygdala, a structure that participates in the expression of fear, and the participation of anterior olfactory epithelial organs, namely the septal organ and vomeronasal organ (SO-VNO). We explored the effects of 2-heptanone applied near the nostrils on single-unit extracellular recordings from the basal amygdala in a sham-operated group and rats that underwent removal of the SO-VNO. The firing rate of basal amygdala neurons in the SO-VNO removal group was significantly higher than in the sham-operated group. In both groups, recordings were classified according to the responses to 2-heptanone (i.e., increased firing rate, decreased firing rate, and no response). SO-VNO removal was associated with an increased firing rate in the three types of neurons. A similar number of neurons increased their firing rate during and after 2-heptanone stimulation in both groups, but such an increase in firing rate was longer in the group of rats subjected to SO-VNO removal. The results indicate that the SO-VNO is not essential for the effect of 2-heptanone on the firing rate of basal amygdala neurons. SO-VNO ablation did not block but rather accentuated the response of amygdala neurons to 2-heptanone"
Keywords:		"Action Potentials/*drug effects Amygdala/*cytology Analysis of Variance Animals Electric Stimulation Ketones/*pharmacology Male Neurons/*drug effects Olfactory Pathways/physiology Rats Rats, Wistar Time Factors Vomeronasal Organ/*physiology;"
Notes:		"MedlineContreras, Carlos M Gutierrez-Garcia, Ana G Molina-Jimenez, Tania Mendoza-Lopez, Remedios eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Switzerland 2012/09/06 Neuropsychobiology. 2012; 66(3):167-73. doi: 10.1159/000339946. Epub 2012 Aug 29"