| Title: | Semiochemistry of the goldeneyed lacewing Chrysopa oculata: attraction of males to a male-produced pheromone |
| Author(s): | Zhang QH; Chauhan KR; Erbe EF; Vellore AR; Aldrich JR; |
| Address: | "USDA-ARS Chemicals Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, B-007 BARC-West ,Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA" |
| DOI: | 10.1023/b:joec.0000042406.76705.ab |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (G3C-EAD) experiments showed that antennae of males and females of the goldeneyed lacewing, Chrysopa oculata Say (Co. = Chrysopa), consistently responded to four compounds extracted from the abdominal cuticle of males:nonanal, nonanol, nonanoic acid, and (1R*,2S*,5R*,8R*)-iridodial. These compounds were not detected from abdominal cuticle of females. Thoracic extracts of both sexes contained antennal-stimulatory 1-tridecene and EAD-inactive skatole. Chrysopa oculata adults were most sensitive to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial standard at an EAD-response threshold between 0.1 and 1 pg, which was 10-100 times lower than thresholds for nonanal and nonanoic acid, and up to 10,000 times lower than thresholds for other compounds tested. A similar EAD response pattern was also found in another Chrysopa sp. (Co. quadripunctata Burmeister). In field-trapping experiments, (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial was the only male-specific compound that attracted Co. oculata males. Males also were weakly attracted to (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactol (an aphid sex pheromone component), probably due to the 5% (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial present in the synthetic sample as an impurity. A herbivore-induced plant volatile, methyl salicylate, increased attraction of males to (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial, whereas 1-tridecene was antagonistic. No females were caught in the entire study. Scanning electron micrographs revealed numerous male-specific, elliptical epidermal glands on the 3rd-8th abdominal sternites of Co. oculata, which are likely the pheromone glands. Another lacewing species, Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) (Cl. = Chrysoperla), did not produce male-specific volatiles or possess the type of gland presumed to produce pheromone in Co. oculata males, but (Z)-4-tridecene was identified as a major antennal-stimulatory compound from thoracic extracts of both sexes of Cl. rufilabris. Thus, (1R,2S,5R,8R)-iridodial (or its enantiomer) is now identified as a male-produced male aggregation pheromone for Co. oculata, the first pheromone identified for lacewings" |
| Keywords: | Aldehydes/chemistry/pharmacology Alkanes/chemistry/pharmacology Alkenes/chemistry/pharmacology Animals Cyclopentane Monoterpenes Cyclopentanes/chemistry/pharmacology Fatty Acids/chemistry/pharmacology Female Heteroptera/*drug effects/physiology Iridoids/c; |
| Notes: | "MedlineZhang, Qing-He Chauhan, Kamlesh R Erbe, Eric F Vellore, Ajay R Aldrich, Jeffrey R eng Comparative Study 2004/12/14 J Chem Ecol. 2004 Sep; 30(9):1849-70. doi: 10.1023/b:joec.0000042406.76705.ab" |
