| Title: | Real-world emission characteristics of carbonyl compounds from agricultural machines based on a portable emission measurement system |
| Author(s): | Yu W; Shen X; Wu B; Kong L; Xuan K; Zhao C; Cao X; Hao X; Li X; Zhang H; Yao Z; |
| Address: | "School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China. School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China. Electronic address: shenxianbao@btbu.edu.cn. School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China. School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China. Electronic address: yaozhl@th.btbu.edu.cn" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.031 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1001-0742 (Print) 1001-0742 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Emissions of carbonyl compounds from agricultural machines cannot be ignored. Carbonyl compounds can cause the formation of ozone (O(3)) and secondary organic aerosols, which can cause photochemical smog to form. In this study, 20 agricultural machines were tested using portable emission measurement system (PEMS) under real-world tillage processes. The exhaust gases were sampled using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridges, and 15 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Carbonyl compound emission factors for agricultural machines were 51.14-3315.62 mg/(kg-fuel), and were 2.58 +/- 2.05, 0.86 +/- 1.07 and 0.29 +/- 0.20 g/(kg-fuel) for China 0, China II and China III emission standards, respectively. Carbonyl compound emission factor for sowing seeds of China 0 agricultural machines was 3.32 +/- 1.73 g/(kg-fuel). Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were the dominant carbonyl compounds emitted. Differences in emission standards and tillage processes impact ozone formation potential (OFP). The mean OFP was 20.15 +/- 16.15 g O(3)/(kg-fuel) for the China 0 emission standard. The OFP values decreased by 66.9% from China 0 to China II, and 67.4% from China II to China III. The mean OFP for sowing seeds of China 0 agricultural machines was 25.92 +/- 13.84 g O(3)/(kg-fuel). Between 1.75 and 24.22 times more ozone was found to be formed during sowing seeds than during other processes for China 0 and China II agricultural machines. Total carbonyl compound emissions from agricultural machines in China was 19.23 Gg in 2019. The results improve our understanding of carbonyl compound emissions from agricultural machines in China" |
| Keywords: | Acetaldehyde Acrolein/analysis Aerosols/analysis *Air Pollutants/analysis China Environmental Monitoring Formaldehyde/analysis Organic Chemicals/analysis *Ozone/analysis Smog/analysis Vehicle Emissions/analysis *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Agricul; |
| Notes: | "MedlineYu, Wenhan Shen, Xianbao Wu, Bobo Kong, Lei Xuan, Kaijie Zhao, Cheng Cao, Xinyue Hao, Xuewei Li, Xin Zhang, Hanyu Yao, Zhiliang eng Netherlands 2022/10/02 J Environ Sci (China). 2023 Feb; 124:846-859. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.031. Epub 2022 Mar 1" |
