| Title: | Real-World Emission Characteristics of Full-Volatility Organics Originating from Nonroad Agricultural Machinery during Agricultural Activities |
| Author(s): | Shen X; Che H; Yao Z; Wu B; Lv T; Yu W; Cao X; Hao X; Li X; Zhang H; Yao X; |
| Address: | "School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Nonroad agricultural machinery (NRAM) emissions constitute a significant source of air pollution in China. Full-volatility organics originating from 19 machines under 6 agricultural activities were measured synchronously. The diesel-based emission factors (EFs) for full-volatility organics were 4.71 +/- 2.78 g/kg fuel (average +/- standard deviation), including 91.58 +/- 8.42% volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 7.94 +/- 8.16% intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), 0.28 +/- 0.20% semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), and 0.20 +/- 0.16% low-volatility organic compounds (LVOCs). Full-volatility organic EFs were significantly reduced by stricter emission standards and were the highest under pesticide spraying activity. Our results also demonstrated that combustion efficiency was a potential factor influencing full-volatility organic emissions. Gas-particle partitioning in full-volatility organics could be affected by multiple factors. Furthermore, the estimated secondary organic aerosol formation potential based on measured full-volatility organics was 143.79 +/- 216.80 mg/kg fuel and could be primarily attributed to higher-volatility-interval IVOCs (bin(12)-bin(16) contributed 52.81 +/- 11.58%). Finally, the estimated emissions of full-volatility organics from NRAM in China (2021) were 94.23 Gg. This study provides first-hand data on full-volatility organic EFs originating from NRAM to facilitate the improvement of emission inventories and atmospheric chemistry models" |
| Keywords: | *Air Pollutants/analysis Vehicle Emissions/analysis *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis/chemistry Aerosols/analysis *Pesticides I/SVOCs agricultural machinery emission factor emission inventory full-volatility organics gas-particle partitioning multiple; |
| Notes: | "MedlineShen, Xianbao Che, Hongqian Yao, Zhiliang Wu, Bobo Lv, Tiantian Yu, Wenhan Cao, Xinyue Hao, Xuewei Li, Xin Zhang, Hanyu Yao, Xiaolong eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2023/07/08 Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Jul 18; 57(28):10308-10318. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02619. Epub 2023 Jul 7" |
