| Title: | Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions of CHO and T cells correlate to their expansion in bioreactors |
| Author(s): | McCartney MM; Yamaguchi MS; Bowles PA; Gratch YS; Iyer RK; Linderholm AL; Ebeler SE; Kenyon NJ; Schivo M; Harper RW; Goodwin P; Davis CE; |
| Address: | "Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1752-7163 (Electronic) 1752-7155 (Print) 1752-7155 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions were measured from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell and T cell bioreactor gas exhaust lines with the goal of non-invasively metabolically profiling the expansion process. Measurements of cellular 'breath' were made directly from the gas exhaust lines using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated magnetic stir bars, which underwent subsequent thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) analysis. Baseline VOC profiles were observed from bioreactors filled with only liquid media. After inoculation, unique VOC profiles correlated to cell expansion over the course of 8 d. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models were built to predict cell culture density based on VOC profiles of CHO and T cells (R (2) = 0.671 and R (2) = 0.769, respectively, based on a validation data set). T cell runs resulted in 47 compounds relevant to expansion while CHO cell runs resulted in 45 compounds; the 20 most relevant compounds of each cell type were putatively identified. On the final experimental days, sorbent-covered stir bars were placed directly into cell-inoculated media and into media controls. Liquid-based measurements from spent media containing cells could be distinguished from media-only controls, indicating soluble VOCs excreted by the cells during expansion. A PLS-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) was performed, and 96 compounds differed between T cell-inoculated media and media controls with 72 compounds for CHO cells; the 20 most relevant compounds of each cell line were putatively identified. This work demonstrates that the volatilome of cell cultures can be exploited by chemical detectors in bioreactor gas and liquid waste lines to non-invasively monitor cellular health and could possibly be used to optimize cell expansion conditions 'on-the-fly' with appropriate control loop systems. Although the basis for statistical models included compounds without certain identification, this work provides a foundation for future research of bioreactor emissions. Future studies must move towards identifying relevant compounds for understanding of underlying biochemistry" |
| Keywords: | Animals *Bioreactors CHO Cells Cell Proliferation Cricetinae Cricetulus Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods Humans Least-Squares Analysis Principal Component Analysis T-Lymphocytes/*metabolism Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis; |
| Notes: | "MedlineMcCartney, Mitchell M Yamaguchi, Mei S Bowles, Paul A Gratch, Yarden S Iyer, Rohin K Linderholm, Angela L Ebeler, Susan E Kenyon, Nicholas J Schivo, Michael Harper, Richart W Goodwin, Paul Davis, Cristina E eng U01 EB022003/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/ T32 HL007013/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ P30 ES023513/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ UG3 OD023365/OD/NIH HHS/ UL1 TR000002/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ TL1 TR001861/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2019/08/21 J Breath Res. 2019 Oct 21; 14(1):016002. doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab3d23" |
