| Title: | Toxicity of fresh and aged anthropogenic smoke particles emitted from different burning conditions |
| Author(s): | Kim YH; Sinha A; George IJ; DeMarini DM; Grieshop AP; Gilmour MI; |
| Address: | "Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Electronic address: kim.yongho@epa.gov. Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. Air Methods and Characterization Division, Center for Environmental Measurements and Modeling, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA. Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164778 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1879-1026 (Electronic) 0048-9697 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "There is substantial evidence that photochemical reactions in the atmosphere cause physico-chemical transformation of combustion smoke, but how this processing modifies potential health effects in exposed populations is not well understood. Here we utilized a new approach to simulate photochemical aging of anthropogenic smoke emissions (a mixture of plastic, plywood, and cardboard smoke) from two different burning conditions (smoldering vs. flaming) and investigated their adverse outcomes associated with mutagenic activity and the relative potencies of different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Aging resulted in increased oxygenated volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions but largely degraded particle-bound PAH components in the smoke. Chemical transformation during aging was more dramatic for flaming versus smoldering smoke. Due to the PAH degradation, mutagenicity of the aged smoke from flaming combustion was much lower (up to 4 times) than that of the fresh smoke on per-particle mass basis. However, on the basis of particle emitted per fuel mass burned, the aged and fresh smoke particles exhibited similar mutagenic activities, which were up to 3 times higher for smoldering versus flaming smoke emissions. Similarly, the PAH toxicity equivalent (PAH-TEQ) of the aged smoldering smoke was 3 times higher than that of the aged flaming smoke particles, suggesting that some PAHs (e.g., indeno[c,d]pyrene and benzo[b]fluoranthene) in the smoldering smoke were more photochemically stable during aging. These findings increase understanding of the evolution of smoke emitted at different burning conditions and the role of photochemical transformations on mutagenicity and PAH-induced toxicity" |
| Keywords: | Smoke/adverse effects/analysis *Air Pollutants/analysis *Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis Mutagens Anthropogenic smoke Mutagenicity Oxidation flow reactor Photochemical reaction Toxicity equivalent; |
| Notes: | "MedlineKim, Yong Ho Sinha, Aditya George, Ingrid J DeMarini, David M Grieshop, Andrew P Gilmour, M Ian eng Netherlands 2023/06/12 Sci Total Environ. 2023 Sep 20; 892:164778. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164778. Epub 2023 Jun 10" |
