| Title: | The phytotoxic air-pollutant O(3) enhances the emission of herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and affects the susceptibility of black mustard plants to pest attack |
| Author(s): | Khaling E; Agyei T; Jokinen S; Holopainen JK; Blande JD; |
| Address: | "Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: eliezer.khaling@uef.fi. Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115030 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-6424 (Electronic) 0269-7491 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Stress-induced changes to plant biochemistry and physiology can influence plant nutritional quality and subsequent interactions with herbivorous pests. However, the effects of stress combinations are unpredictable and differ to the effects of individual stressors. Here we studied the effects of exposure to the phytotoxic air-pollutant ozone (O(3)), feeding by larvae of the large cabbage white butterfly (Pieris brassicae), and a combination of the two stresses, on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by black mustard plants (Brassica nigra) under field and laboratory conditions. Field-grown B. nigra plants were also measured for carbon-nitrogen (C-N) content, net photosynthetic activity (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and biomass. The effects of O(3) on interactions between plants and a herbivorous pest were addressed by monitoring the abundance of wild diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella) and feeding-damage to B. nigra plants in an O(3)-free air concentration enrichment (O(3)-FACE) field site. Herbivore-feeding induced the emission of VOCs that were not emitted by undamaged plants, both under field and laboratory conditions. The combination of O(3) and herbivore-feeding stresses resulted in enhanced emission rates of several VOCs from field-grown plants. Short-term O(3) exposure (of 10 days) and P. brassicae-feeding did not affect C-N content, but chronic O(3) exposure (of 34 and 47 days) and P. brassicae-feeding exacerbated suppression of Pn. Ozone exposure also caused visible injury and decreased the plant biomass. Field-grown B. nigra under elevated O(3) were infested with fewer P. xylostella larvae and received significantly less feeding damage. Our results suggest that plants growing in a moderately polluted environment may be of reduced quality and less attractive to foraging herbivores" |
| Keywords: | Animals *Butterflies *Environmental Pollutants Herbivory Mustard Plant *Volatile Organic Compounds Air-pollution Brassica nigra Photosynthesis Pieris brassicae Plant volatiles Plutella xylostella; |
| Notes: | "MedlineKhaling, Eliezer Agyei, Thomas Jokinen, Simo Holopainen, Jarmo K Blande, James D eng England 2020/08/19 Environ Pollut. 2020 Oct; 265(Pt A):115030. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115030. Epub 2020 Jun 17" |
