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Chemosphere

Title:		Leaf-deposited semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs): An exploratory study using GCxGC-TOFMS on leaf washing solutions
Author(s):		Castanheiro A; Joos P; Wuyts K; De Wael K; Samson R;
Address:		"Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium. Electronic address: Ana.Castanheiro@uantwerpen.be. Laboratory Water-Link, Mechelsesteenweg 111, 2840, Rumst, Belgium; Department of Bioengineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium. Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium. AXES Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium"
Journal Title:		Chemosphere
Year:		2019
Volume:		20180913
Issue:
Page Number:		103 - 110
DOI:		10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.067
ISSN/ISBN:		1879-1298 (Electronic) 0045-6535 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Airborne particulate matter (PM) includes semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), which can be deposited on vegetation matrices such as plant leaves. In alternative to air-point measurements or artificial passive substrates, leaf monitoring offers a cost-effective, time-integrating means of assessing local air quality. In this study, leaf washing solutions from ivy (Hedera hibernica) leaves exposed during one-month at different land use classes were explored via comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). The composition of leaf-deposited SVOCs, corrected for those of unexposed leaves, was compared against routinely monitored pollutants concentrations (PM(10), PM(2.5), O(3), NO(2), SO(2)) measured at co-located air monitoring stations. The first study on leaf-deposited SVOCs retrieved from washing solutions, herein reported, delivered a total of 911 detected compounds. While no significant land use (rural, urban, industrial, traffic, mixed) effects were observed, increasing exposure time (from one to 28 days) resulted in a higher number and diversity of SVOCs, suggesting cumulative time-integration to be more relevant than local source variations between sites. After one day, leaf-deposited SVOCs were mainly due to alcohols, N-containing compounds, carboxylic acids, esters and lactones, while ketones, diketones and hydrocarbons compounds gained relevance after one week, and phenol compounds after one month. As leaf-deposited SVOCs became overall more oxidized throughout exposure time, SVOCs transformation or degradation at the leaf surface is suggested to be an important phenomenon. This study confirmed the applicability of GCxGC-TOFMS to analyze SVOCs from leaf washing solutions, further research should include validation of the methodology and comparison with atmospheric organic pollutants"
Keywords:		Air Pollutants/*analysis Carboxylic Acids Environmental Monitoring/*methods Esters Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods Ketones Lactones Phenols Plant Leaves/*chemistry Volatile Organic Compounds/*analysis Biomonitoring Ivy leaves Leaf deposition;
Notes:		"MedlineCastanheiro, Ana Joos, Pieter Wuyts, Karen De Wael, Karolien Samson, Roeland eng England 2018/09/28 Chemosphere. 2019 Jan; 214:103-110. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.067. Epub 2018 Sep 13"