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J Chem Ecol

Title:		"Water Deficit, Nitrogen Availability, and Their Combination Differently Affect Floral Scent Emission in Three Brassicaceae Species"
Author(s):		Hofer RJ; Ayasse M; Kuppler J;
Address:		"Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. rebecca.hoefer@uni-ulm.de. Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2022
Volume:		20221216
Issue:		11-Dec
Page Number:		882 - 899
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-022-01393-z
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Floral scent plays a central role in plant-pollinator interactions, as flower visitors can discriminate between scent differences to recognize and forage on rewarding flowers. Changes in scent compositions might therefore lead to recognition mismatches between host plants and flower visitors. An understanding of the phenotypic plasticity of floral scent, especially in crop species, is becoming important because of climate change, e.g., increasing drought periods, and other anthropogenic influences, e.g., nitrogen (N) deposition. We have investigated the effects of the combination of progressive water deficits (dry-down) and N supplementation on floral scent emission in three Brassicaceae species (cultivated vs. wild). Individuals were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: (1) well-watered without N supplementation; (2) well-watered with N supplementation; (3) dry-down without N supplementation; (4) dry-down with N supplementation. We collected scent on day 0, 2, 7, and 14 after the commencement of the watering treatment. All samples were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. We found that the highly cultivated Brassica napus had the lowest overall emission rate; its scent composition was affected by the interaction of watering treatment and N supplementation. Scent bouquets of the cultivated Sinapis alba also changed under these treatments. Scent bouquets of the common weed Sinapis arvensis were affected by watering treatment, but not by time and N supplementation. Furthermore, the influence of treatments on the emission rate of single compounds was highly compound-specific. Nonetheless, our study revealed that especially terpenes were negatively affected by drought-stress"
Keywords:		Humans *Brassicaceae Flowers/chemistry Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Mass Spectrometry Odorants/analysis Pollination Terpenes/chemistry Brassicaceae Climate change Floral scent Nitrogen Water deficit;
Notes:		"MedlineHofer, Rebecca J Ayasse, Manfred Kuppler, Jonas eng KU 3667/2-1/Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ Randomized Controlled Trial 2022/12/17 J Chem Ecol. 2022 Dec; 48(11-12):882-899. doi: 10.1007/s10886-022-01393-z. Epub 2022 Dec 16"