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Nat Rev Cancer

Title:		Smokeless tobacco and cigarette smoking: chemical mechanisms and cancer prevention
Author(s):		Hecht SS; Hatsukami DK;
Address:		"Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. hecht002@umn.edu. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA"
Journal Title:		Nat Rev Cancer
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220103
Issue:		3
Page Number:		143 - 155
DOI:		10.1038/s41568-021-00423-4
ISSN/ISBN:		1474-1768 (Electronic) 1474-175X (Print) 1474-175X (Linking)
Abstract:		"Tobacco products present a deadly combination of nicotine addiction and carcinogen exposure resulting in millions of cancer deaths per year worldwide. A plethora of smokeless tobacco products lead to unacceptable exposure to multiple carcinogens, including the tobacco-specific nitrosamine N'-nitrosonornicotine, a likely cause of the commonly occurring oral cavity cancers observed particularly in South-East Asian countries. Cigarettes continue to deliver a large number of carcinogens, including tobacco-specific nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. The multiple carcinogens in cigarette smoke are responsible for the complex mutations observed in critical cancer genes. The exposure of smokeless tobacco users and smokers to carcinogens and toxicants can now be monitored by urinary and DNA adduct biomarkers that may be able to identify those individuals at highest risk of cancer so that effective cancer prevention interventions can be initiated. Regulation of the levels of carcinogens, toxicants and nicotine in tobacco products and evidence-based tobacco control efforts are now recognized as established pathways to preventing tobacco related cancer"
Keywords:		"Carcinogens/toxicity *Cigarette Smoking Humans *Mouth Neoplasms/etiology/prevention & control Tobacco/metabolism *Tobacco, Smokeless/adverse effects;"
Notes:		"MedlineHecht, Stephen S Hatsukami, Dorothy K eng P01 CA138338/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ P01 CA217806/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ R01 CA081301/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ U54 DA031659/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Review England 2022/01/05 Nat Rev Cancer. 2022 Mar; 22(3):143-155. doi: 10.1038/s41568-021-00423-4. Epub 2022 Jan 3"