| Title: | "Time Resolved Measurements of Speciated Tailpipe Emissions from Motor Vehicles: Trends with Emission Control Technology, Cold Start Effects, and Speciation" |
| Author(s): | Drozd GT; Zhao Y; Saliba G; Frodin B; Maddox C; Weber RJ; Chang MO; Maldonado H; Sardar S; Robinson AL; Goldstein AH; |
| Address: | "Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California , Berkeley , California 94720, United States. Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States. California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, California 95814, United States" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Experiments were conducted at the California Air Resources Board Haagen-Smit Laboratory to understand changes in vehicle emissions in response to stricter emissions standards over the past 25 years. Measurements included a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for a wide range of spark ignition gasoline vehicles meeting varying levels of emissions standards, including all certifications from Tier 0 up to Partial Zero Emission Vehicle. Standard gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HLPC) analyses were employed for drive-cycle phase emissions. A proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer measured time-resolved emissions for a wide range of VOCs. Cold-start emissions occur almost entirely in the first 30-60 s for newer vehicles. Cold-start emissions have compositions that are not significantly different across all vehicles tested and are markedly different from neat fuel. Hot-stabilized emissions have varying importance depending on species and may require a driving distance of 200 miles to equal the emissions from a single cold start. Average commute distances in the U.S. suggest the majority of in-use vehicles have emissions dominated by cold starts. The distribution of vehicle ages in the U.S. suggests that within several years only a few percent of vehicles will have significant driving emissions compared to cold-start emissions" |
| Keywords: | *Air Pollutants Gasoline *Motor Vehicles Vehicle Emissions Volatile Organic Compounds; |
| Notes: | "MedlineDrozd, Greg T Zhao, Yunliang Saliba, Georges Frodin, Bruce Maddox, Christine Weber, Robert J Chang, M-C Oliver Maldonado, Hector Sardar, Satya Robinson, Allen L Goldstein, Allen H eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2016/12/21 Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Dec 20; 50(24):13592-13599. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04513. Epub 2016 Nov 29" |
