| Title: | Relationship between physicochemical characterization and toxicity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected in Dakar city (Senegal) |
| Author(s): | Dieme D; Cabral-Ndior M; Garcon G; Verdin A; Billet S; Cazier F; Courcot D; Diouf A; Shirali P; |
| Address: | "Universite Lille Nord de France, Lille, France" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.envres.2011.11.009 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1096-0953 (Electronic) 0013-9351 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "The massive increase in emissions of air pollutants due to economic and industrial growth in developing countries has made air quality a crucial health problem in this continent. Hence, it is somewhat critical to have a better knowledge on the air pollution in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Three air pollution PM2.5 samples were also collected in two urban sites (i.e., Fann and Faidherbe) in Dakar (Senegal) and in a rural site near Dakar (i.e., Ngaparu). The two urban sites mainly differ in the type of used vehicles: in Fann, most of the traffic is made of buses, which are absent, in Faidherbe. The physicochemical characteristics of the three PM2.5 samples revealed their high heterogeneities and complexities, related to the multiple natural and anthropogenic emission sources. Results from 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into DNA, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, and extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity in PM2.5-exposed BEAS-2B cells suggested the exposure conditions (i.e., 3 and 12 mug PM/cm(2) during 24, 48, and 72 h) to further consider. The organic fractions (i.e., mainly PAHs) of the PM(2.5) samples were able to induce a time and/or concentration-dependent gene expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, and, to a lesser extent, NQO1. There was a time and/or dose-dependent increase of both the gene expression and/or protein secretion of inflammatory mediators (i.e., TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and/or IL-8) in PM(2.5)-exposed BEAS-2B cells. In agreement with the physicochemical characterization, urban PM(2.5) samples caused greater biological responses in BEAS-2B cells than the rural one. Variable concentrations of transition metals (i.e., Fe, Al, Pb, Mn, Zn) and organic compounds (i.e., PAHs) founded in the three PM2.5 samples might be firmly involved in a time- and/or dose-dependent toxicity, relying on inflammatory processes" |
| Keywords: | "Air Pollution/*adverse effects/analysis Bronchi/*cytology Cell Line Cities Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Epithelial Cells/*drug effects/metabolism Glutathione/metabolism Humans Inflammation/chemically induced/metabolism Oxidative Stress Particulate Mat;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineDieme, Denis Cabral-Ndior, Mathilde Garcon, Guillaume Verdin, Anthony Billet, Sylvain Cazier, Fabrice Courcot, Dominique Diouf, Amadou Shirali, Pirouz eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Netherlands 2012/01/31 Environ Res. 2012 Feb; 113:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.11.009. Epub 2012 Jan 28" |
