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J Chem Ecol

Title:		Prothoracic gland semiochemicals of green lacewings
Author(s):		Aldrich JR; Le TC; Zhang QH; Torres J; Winterton SL; Han B; Miller GL; Chauhan KR;
Address:		"USDA-ARS Invasive Insect Biocontrol & Behavior Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Bldg. 007, rm301, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA. Jeffrey.aldrich@ars.usda.gov"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2009
Volume:		20091022
Issue:		10
Page Number:		1181 - 1187
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-009-9701-x
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Adult chrysopids have paired prothoracic glands (PG) that are thought to produce defensive secretions (allomones). We analyzed PG extracts of the following green lacewings from North and South America, Australia, and China: Ceraeochrysa cubana (Brazil); Chrysopa (= Co.) oculata, Co. nigricornis, Co. incompleta, Co. quadripunctata (USA), and Co. septempunctata (China); Chrysoperla (= Cl.) rufilabris (USA) and Cl. sp. (Brazil); Plesiochrysa ramburi and Mallada spp. (Australia). PG secretions are characteristic for species within a genus, except for Chrysopa spp. (Z)-4-Tridecene is ubiquitous, but (Z,Z)-4,7-tridecadiene is a major PG constituent in some Chrysopa spp. and in P. ramburi. Earlier reports that Co. oculata and Co. nigricornis produce 1-tridecene were shown to be in error. Chrysopa PG secretions are distinguished by the presence or absence of N-3-methylbutylacetamide, plus skatole (3-methylindole). Skatole is also identified for the first time from the Plesiochrysa and Ceraeochrysa. The PG secretion in Plesiochrysa ramburi is characterized by the presence of (Z)-4-undecene instead of (Z)-4-tridecene, and N-3-methylbutylpropanamide instead of the acetamide, resembling the PG secretions of Chrysopa nigricornis, Co. septempunctata and Co. incompleta. The chemotaxonomic value of PG semiochemicals is discussed, including evidence for subgroups within the genus Chrysopa as it now stands"
Keywords:		Animals Arthropods/*chemistry/classification/metabolism Endocrine Glands/*chemistry/*metabolism Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Male Pheromones/*analysis/*metabolism Phylogeny;
Notes:		"MedlineAldrich, Jeffrey Richard Le, Thanh C Zhang, Qing-He Torres, Jorge Winterton, Shaun L Han, Baoyu Miller, Gary L Chauhan, Kamlesh R eng 2009/10/22 J Chem Ecol. 2009 Oct; 35(10):1181-7. doi: 10.1007/s10886-009-9701-x. Epub 2009 Oct 22"