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Molecules

Title:		Differentiation of Mountain- and Garden-Cultivated Ginseng with Different Growth Years Using HS-SPME-GC-MS Coupled with Chemometrics
Author(s):		Zhang L; Wang P; Li S; Wu D; Zhong Y; Li W; Xu H; Huang L;
Address:		"College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China. Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of TCM, National Medical Products Administration, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China"
Journal Title:		Molecules
Year:		2023
Volume:		20230221
Issue:		5
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.3390/molecules28052016
ISSN/ISBN:		1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Although there are differences in the appearance of Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng (MCG) and Garden-Cultivated Ginseng (GCG), it is very difficult to distinguish them when the samples are processed to slices or powder. Moreover, there is significant price difference between them, which leads to the widespread adulteration or falsification in the market. Thus, the authentication of MCG and GCG is crucial for the effectiveness, safety, and quality stability of ginseng. In the present study, a headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) coupled with chemometrics approach was developed to characterize the volatile component profiles in MCG and GCG with 5-,10-,15-growth years, and subsequently to discover differentiating chemical markers. As a result, we characterized, for the first time, 46 volatile components from all the samples by using the NIST database and the Wiley library. The base peak intensity chromatograms were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis to comprehensively compare the chemical differences among the above samples. MCG(5-,10-,15-years) and GCG(5-,10-,15-years) samples were mainly divided into two groups by unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA), and 5 potential cultivation-dependent markers were discovered based on orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Moreover, MCG(5-,10-,15-years) samples were divided into three blocks, and 12 potential growth-year-dependent markers enabled differentiation. Similarly, GCG(5-,10-,15-years) samples were also separated into three groups, and six potential growth-year-dependent markers were determined. The proposed approach could be applied to directly distinguish MCG and GCG with different growth years and to identify the differentiation chemo-markers, which is an important criterion for evaluating the effectiveness, safety, and quality stability of ginseng"
Keywords:		"Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods Gardens *Panax/chemistry Chemometrics Solid Phase Microextraction *Volatile Organic Compounds Garden-Cultivated Ginseng Hs-spme-gc-ms Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Opls-da Pca;"
Notes:		"MedlineZhang, Luoqi Wang, Ping Li, Sen Wu, Dan Zhong, Yute Li, Weijie Xu, Haiyu Huang, Luqi eng 81830111/Scientific and technological the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ CI2021A04904/Scientific and technological innovation project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences/ CI2021B015/Scientific and technological innovation project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences/ CI2021A04907/Scientific and technological innovation project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences/ ZXKT17058/Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public Welfare Research Institutes/ ZZ13-YQ-095/Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public Welfare Research Institutes/ 2022YFE0119300/Intergovernmental Cooperation in International Science and Technology Innovation/ Switzerland 2023/03/12 Molecules. 2023 Feb 21; 28(5):2016. doi: 10.3390/molecules28052016"