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J Chem Ecol

Title:		EAG-active herbivore-induced plant volatiles modify behavioral responses and host attack by an egg parasitoid
Author(s):		Williams L; Rodriguez-Saona C; Castle SC; Zhu S;
Address:		"USDA-ARS Exotic and Invasive Weeds Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 920 Valley Road, Reno, NV 89512, USA. livyw@unr.edu"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2008
Volume:		20080724
Issue:		9
Page Number:		1190 - 1201
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-008-9520-5
ISSN/ISBN:		0098-0331 (Print) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Volatiles emitted by plants in response to feeding by Lygus species were tested in neurophysiological, behavioral, and parasitism trials with Anaphes iole, an egg parasitoid of Lygus. Electroantennogram analyses indicated that A. iole antennae responded to most herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) tested and that females were usually more responsive than males. Antennal responses to (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and methyl salicylate were among the strongest. Behavioral assays in a four-arm olfactometer demonstrated that response of female wasps to (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate varied greatly depending on preconditioning regime. Preconditioning wasps to complex host-plant odors led to stronger preference than did a single preconditioning stimulus, i.e., (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. In a horizontal wind tunnel, female wasps were attracted by methyl salicylate and alpha-farnesene. Parasitism of Lygus lineolaris eggs by A. iole in a cotton field was greater when the eggs were associated with (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate or alpha-farnesene than with controls. Overall, the results of this study show that A. iole can perceive a variety of plant volatiles released after its host damages plants, that the degree of associative learning in A. iole can be manipulated based on preconditioning regime, and that single synthetic HIPVs are attractive to A. iole and can be used to increase attack rates on host eggs. Therefore, it appears that HIPVs have potential for use in suppression of Lygus population densities"
Keywords:		"Animals Electrophysiology Feeding Behavior/*drug effects Female Gossypium/chemistry/parasitology *Heteroptera/parasitology/physiology Larva/growth & development/physiology Male *Odorants/analysis Pest Control, Biological Plant Leaves/chemistry/parasitolog;"
Notes:		"MedlineWilliams, Livy 3rd Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar Castle, Sandra C Zhu, Su eng 2008/07/25 J Chem Ecol. 2008 Sep; 34(9):1190-201. doi: 10.1007/s10886-008-9520-5. Epub 2008 Jul 24"