| Title: | "Evolution of clinical and environmental health applications of exhaled breath research: Review of methods and instrumentation for gas-phase, condensate, and aerosols" |
| Address: | "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA. Electronic address: wallace.ariel@epa.gov. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA. Electronic address: pleil.joachim@epa.gov" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.069 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1873-4324 (Electronic) 0003-2670 (Print) 0003-2670 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Human breath, along with urine and blood, has long been one of the three major biological media for assessing human health and environmental exposure. In fact, the detection of odor on human breath, as described by Hippocrates in 400 BC, is considered the first analytical health assessment tool. Although less common in comparison to contemporary bio-fluids analyses, breath has become an attractive diagnostic medium as sampling is non-invasive, unlimited in timing and volume, and does not require clinical personnel. Exhaled breath, exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and exhaled breath aerosol (EBA) are different types of breath matrices used to assess human health and disease state. Over the past 20 years, breath research has made many advances in assessing health state, overcoming many of its initial challenges related to sampling and analysis. The wide variety of sampling techniques and collection devices that have been developed for these media are discussed herein. The different types of sensors and mass spectrometry instruments currently available for breath analysis are evaluated as well as emerging breath research topics, such as cytokines, security and airport surveillance, cellular respiration, and canine olfaction" |
| Keywords: | "Aerosols Animals Biomarkers/analysis Body Fluids/chemistry Breath Tests/*instrumentation/*methods Chemistry Techniques, Analytical Dogs Environmental Health Exhalation/*physiology Humans Mice Models, Animal Smell/physiology Volatile Organic Compounds/chem;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineWallace, M Ariel Geer Pleil, Joachim D eng EPA999999/Intramural EPA/ Review Netherlands 2018/05/20 Anal Chim Acta. 2018 Sep 18; 1024:18-38. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.069. Epub 2018 Feb 9" |
