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J Chem Ecol

Title:		"Identification of the sex pheromone of Idolus picipennis (Bach, 1852) revealed the presence of a cryptic sibling species"
Author(s):		Tolasch T; Konig C; von Fragstein M; Steidle JL;
Address:		"Institut fur Zoologie, Universitat Hohenheim, Tierokologie 220c, Garbenstrasse 30, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany, tolasch@uni-hohenheim.de"
Journal Title:		J Chem Ecol
Year:		2013
Volume:		20131107
Issue:		11-Dec
Page Number:		1433 - 1440
DOI:		10.1007/s10886-013-0360-6
ISSN/ISBN:		1573-1561 (Electronic) 0098-0331 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The click beetle Idolus picipennis represents the only species of its genus in Europe, where it is widely distributed but is rare and only occurs locally. In order to identify its sex pheromone we investigated gland extracts of females from populations in southern Germany. GC/MS analyses revealed two distinct types of gland compositions that correspond to slight but consistent morphological differences in the respective beetles. Extracts of one type contain four compounds, geranyl hexanoate (~ 40 %), (Z,E)-farnesyl hexanoate (~ 10 %), (E,E)-farnesyl hexanoate (~ 40 %), and (E,E)-farnesyl octanoate (~ 10 %), and this type belongs to the authentic I. picipennis (Bach 1852). Extracts of a second type contain neryl hexanoate (~10 %) and neryl octanoate (~ 90 %), and this type belongs to an Idolus species that apparently has been overlooked to date, presumably due to similarity with the authentic I. picipennis and insufficient material in collections. Synthetic blends of the identified compounds in their naturally-occurring ratios, as well as the main compounds alone, proved to be highly attractive to swarming males of the respective species in the field. A strong species-specific attraction also was observed in a locality where both species co-occur, thus confirming effective reproductive isolation. This study shows the potential of sex pheromones for monitoring rare and threatened insects as well as for detecting hitherto unknown cryptic species"
Keywords:		"Animals Caproates/*analysis Caprylates/*analysis Coleoptera/classification/*physiology Female Germany Male Sex Attractants/*chemistry/physiology Sexual Behavior, Animal Species Specificity;"
Notes:		"MedlineTolasch, Till Konig, Christian von Fragstein, Maximilian Steidle, Johannes L M eng 2013/11/08 J Chem Ecol. 2013 Dec; 39(11-12):1433-40. doi: 10.1007/s10886-013-0360-6. Epub 2013 Nov 7"