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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Title:		Ancestral amphibian v2rs are expressed in the main olfactory epithelium
Author(s):		Syed AS; Sansone A; Nadler W; Manzini I; Korsching SI;
Address:		"Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany"
Journal Title:		Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Year:		2013
Volume:		20130423
Issue:		19
Page Number:		7714 - 7719
DOI:		10.1073/pnas.1302088110
ISSN/ISBN:		1091-6490 (Electronic) 0027-8424 (Print) 0027-8424 (Linking)
Abstract:		"Mammalian olfactory receptor families are segregated into different olfactory organs, with type 2 vomeronasal receptor (v2r) genes expressed in a basal layer of the vomeronasal epithelium. In contrast, teleost fish v2r genes are intermingled with all other olfactory receptor genes in a single sensory surface. We report here that, strikingly different from both lineages, the v2r gene family of the amphibian Xenopus laevis is expressed in the main olfactory as well as the vomeronasal epithelium. Interestingly, late diverging v2r genes are expressed exclusively in the vomeronasal epithelium, whereas 'ancestral' v2r genes, including the single member of v2r family C, are restricted to the main olfactory epithelium. Moreover, within the main olfactory epithelium, v2r genes are expressed in a basal zone, partially overlapping, but clearly distinct from an apical zone of olfactory marker protein and odorant receptor-expressing cells. These zones are also apparent in the spatial distribution of odor responses, enabling a tentative assignment of odor responses to olfactory receptor gene families. Responses to alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones show an apical localization, consistent with being mediated by odorant receptors, whereas amino acid responses overlap extensively with the basal v2r-expressing zone. The unique bimodal v2r expression pattern in main and accessory olfactory system of amphibians presents an excellent opportunity to study the transition of v2r gene expression during evolution of higher vertebrates"
Keywords:		"Amino Acids/metabolism Animals Biological Evolution Body Patterning Calcium/metabolism Cloning, Molecular *Gene Expression Regulation Molecular Sequence Data *Multigene Family Neurons/metabolism Odorants Olfactory Mucosa/*metabolism Phylogeny Receptors, P;"
Notes:		"MedlineSyed, Adnan S Sansone, Alfredo Nadler, Walter Manzini, Ivan Korsching, Sigrun I eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2013/04/25 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 May 7; 110(19):7714-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1302088110. Epub 2013 Apr 23"