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Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

Title:		"Biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles from Terminalia arjuna bark extract: assessment of safety aspects and neuroprotective potential via antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antiamyloidogenic effects"
Author(s):		Suganthy N; Sri Ramkumar V; Pugazhendhi A; Benelli G; Archunan G;
Address:		"Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. suganthy.n@gmail.com. Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharadhidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. suganthy.n@gmail.com. Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. Green Processing, Bioremediation and Alternative Energies Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy. The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pisa, Pontedera, Italy. Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharadhidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. garchu56@yahoo.co.in"
Journal Title:		Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
Year:		2018
Volume:		20170731
Issue:		11
Page Number:		10418 - 10433
DOI:		10.1007/s11356-017-9789-4
ISSN/ISBN:		1614-7499 (Electronic) 0944-1344 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The development of neuroprotective drugs through eco-friendly production routes is a major challenge for current pharmacology. The present study was carried out to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) through biogenic route using ethanolic bark extract of Terminalia arjuna, a plant of high interest in Asian traditional medicine, and to evaluate its neuroprotective effects. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, FESEM, EDX, HRTEM, DLS, and zeta potential analyses. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a characteristics SPR absorption band at 536 nm specific for AuNPs. XRD, TEM, and FESEM analyses revealed the formation of face-centered cubic crystalline, spherical and triangular shaped AuNPs, with size ranging between 20 and 50 nm. DLS and ZP analysis illustrated that the average size of AuNPs was 30 nm, which was found to be stable at 45 mv. The neuroprotective potential of AuNPs was evaluated by assessing its antioxidant, cholinesterase inhibitory, and antiamyloidogenic activities. AuNPs showed dose-dependant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase with IC(50) value of 4.25 +/- 0.02 and 5.05 +/- 0.02 mug/ml, respectively. In vitro antioxidant assays illustrated that AuNPs exhibited the highest reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity. In addition, AuNPs also efficiently suppressed the fibrillation of Abeta and destabilized the preformed mature fibrils. Results of toxicity studies in PBMC and adult zebra fish illustrated that AuNPs are non-toxic and biocompatible. Overall, our results highlighted the AuNPs promising potential in terms of antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antiamyloidogenic effects, and non-lethality allowing us to propose these nanomaterials as a suitable candidate for the development of drugs helpful in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Graphical abstract »aΓ"
Keywords:		"Antioxidants/chemistry/*pharmacology Cholinesterase Inhibitors Cholinesterases/*chemistry Gold/*chemistry Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*drug effects Metal Nanoparticles/*chemistry Plant Extracts/chemistry/*pharmacology Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared;"
Notes:		"MedlineSuganthy, Natarajan Sri Ramkumar, Vijayan Pugazhendhi, Arivalagan Benelli, Giovanni Archunan, Govindaraju eng F.4-2/2006(BSR)/BL/13-14/0345/UGC kothari post doctoral fellow/ F.4-2/2006(BSR)/BL/13-14/0312/UGC DR.S.Kothari Post doctoral fellowship/ Germany 2017/08/02 Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Apr; 25(11):10418-10433. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9789-4. Epub 2017 Jul 31"