| Title: | Comparison of the Aroma Composition and Sensory Properties of Dark Chocolates Made with Moist Incubated and Fermented Cocoa Beans |
| Author(s): | Schluter A; Huhn T; Kneubuhl M; Chatelain K; Rohn S; Chetschik I; |
| Address: | "Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wadenswil, 8820 Wadenswil, Switzerland. Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany. Institute of Food Technology and Chemistry, Technische Universitat Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1520-5118 (Electronic) 0021-8561 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "In a previous investigation, 'moist incubation' was described as a novel postharvest treatment for cocoa and the aroma composition of the resulting cocoa nibs was compared to unfermented and fermented cocoa nibs. For this treatment, unfermented and dried nibs are rehydrated with an aqueous solution containing lactic acid and ethanol to adjust the pH value and are subsequently incubated at 45 degrees C under aerobic conditions for 72 h before drying. The aim of the present study was to investigate the sensory properties and aroma composition of dark chocolates made of these materials after roasting. Therefore, gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) in combination with aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA), quantitation with isotopically labeled standards, odor activity value (OAV) determination, and sensory analysis were performed. The three different chocolates had distinct sensory and OAV profiles. The sensory profiles showed a higher intensity of fruity aroma notes and a lower intensity of bitterness and astringency in the chocolate made with the moist incubated cocoa, while the chocolate made of fermented cocoa reached higher scores in the roasty aroma notes. Furthermore, higher OAVs were determined for the Strecker aldehydes in the chocolate made of the moist incubated cocoa, whereas higher OAVs for the pyrazines and the acids were detected in the chocolate made of fermented cocoa. In contrast, the chocolate produced with the unfermented cocoa showed low cocoa specific aroma notes and high levels of astringency and bitterness. The detected differences reveal interesting insights into the influence of different postharvest treatments on the resulting aroma composition in the final chocolate. Furthermore, the alternative postharvest treatment was demonstrated to result in chocolates with a pleasant sensory profile" |
| Keywords: | *Cacao/chemistry *Chocolate/analysis Odorants/analysis Olfactometry *Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry cocoa aroma formation cocoa incubation cocoa postharvest treatment dark chocolate sensory evaluation; |
| Notes: | "MedlineSchluter, Ansgar Huhn, Tilo Kneubuhl, Markus Chatelain, Karin Rohn, Sascha Chetschik, Irene eng 2022/03/23 J Agric Food Chem. 2022 Apr 6; 70(13):4057-4065. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08238. Epub 2022 Mar 22" |
