| Title: | Cytokinin concentrations and CHASE-DOMAIN CONTAINING HIS KINASE 2 (NaCHK2)- and NaCHK3-mediated perception modulate herbivory-induced defense signaling and defenses in Nicotiana attenuata |
| Author(s): | Schafer M; Meza-Canales ID; Brutting C; Baldwin IT; Meldau S; |
| Address: | "Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knoll Str. 8, Jena, 07745, Germany. German Centre for integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig, 04107, Germany. KWS SAAT AG, Grimsehlstrasse 31, Einbeck, 37574, Germany" |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1469-8137 (Electronic) 0028-646X (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Herbivore attack elicits changes in cytokinins (CKs), but how these changes influence defense signaling remains poorly described. We investigated the influence of the CK pathway on the well-described inducible defense pathways of Nicotiana attenuata in response to wounding with and without elicitors from the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta. CK pathway manipulation often suffers from substantial side effects on plant growth and development. We therefore used multiple manipulation tools including spray application of CKs, chemically-inducible expression of the CK biosynthesis enzyme isopentenyltransferase, and transient and constitutive RNAi-mediated gene silencing of CK receptors to resolve the function of CKs in plant defense. The results demonstrated that CK concentrations in leaves and perception through CHASE-DOMAIN CONTAINING HIS KINASE 2 (NaCHK2) and NaCHK3 were important for the accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and phenolamides and proteinase inhibitor activity. By contrast, the CK pathway did not promote the accumulation of the active JA-isoleucine conjugate and negatively regulated the release of specific green leaf volatile esters. Interestingly, CK signaling also promotes the systemic phenolamide accumulation. We conclude that the CK pathway is an important regulator of herbivory-inducible defense signaling and chemistry, which expands its reported participation in adjusting a plant's physiology to abiotic and biotic stress responses" |
| Keywords: | "Cytokinins/*metabolism Gene Expression Regulation, Plant *Herbivory Molecular Sequence Data Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism *Signal Transduction Tobacco/genetics/*immunology/*physiology Manduca sexta Nicotiana attenua;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineSchafer, Martin Meza-Canales, Ivan D Brutting, Christoph Baldwin, Ian T Meldau, Stefan eng 293926/ERC_/European Research Council/International Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2015/04/29 New Phytol. 2015 Aug; 207(3):645-58. doi: 10.1111/nph.13404. Epub 2015 Apr 28" |
