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J Breath Res

Title:		Effects of long-term vegan diet on breath composition
Author(s):		Biagini D; Fusi J; Vezzosi A; Oliveri P; Ghimenti S; Lenzi A; Salvo P; Daniele S; Scarfo G; Vivaldi F; Bonini A; Martini C; Franzoni F; Di Francesco F; Lomonaco T;
Address:		"Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. Department of Drug and Food Chemistry and Technology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy. Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy. Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"
Journal Title:		J Breath Res
Year:		2022
Volume:		20220201
Issue:		2
Page Number:		-
DOI:		10.1088/1752-7163/ac4d41
ISSN/ISBN:		1752-7163 (Electronic) 1752-7155 (Linking)
Abstract:		"The composition of exhaled breath derives from an intricate combination of normal and abnormal physiological processes that are modified by the consumption of food and beverages, circadian rhythms, bacterial infections, and genetics as well as exposure to xenobiotics. This complexity, which results wide intra- and inter-individual variability and is further influenced by sampling conditions, hinders the identification of specific biomarkers and makes it difficult to differentiate between pathological and nominally healthy subjects. The identification of a 'normal' breath composition and the relative influence of the aforementioned parameters would make breath analyses much faster for diagnostic applications. We thus compared, for the first time, the breath composition of age-matched volunteers following a vegan and a Mediterranean omnivorous diet in order to evaluate the impact of diet on breath composition. Mixed breath was collected from 38 nominally healthy volunteers who were asked to breathe into a 2 l handmade Nalophan bag. Exhalation flow rate and carbon dioxide values were monitored during breath sampling. An aliquot (100 ml) of breath was loaded into a sorbent tube (250 mg of Tenax GR, 60/80 mesh) before being analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Breath profiling using TD-GC-MS analysis identified five compounds (methanol, 1-propanol, pentane, hexane, and hexanal), thus enabling differentiation between samples collected from the different group members. Principal component analysis showed a clear separation between groups, suggesting that breath analysis could be used to study the influence of dietary habits in the fields of nutrition and metabolism. Surprisingly, one Italian woman and her brother showed extremely low breath isoprene levels (about 5 pbv), despite their normal lipidic profile and respiratory data, such as flow rate and pCO(2). Further investigations to reveal the reasons behind low isoprene levels in breath would help reveal the origin of isoprene in breath"
Keywords:		"Biomarkers/analysis Breath Tests/methods *Diet, Vegan Exhalation Female Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Humans Male *Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis Mediterranean diet breath analysis isoprene standardization vegan diet;"
Notes:		"MedlineBiagini, Denise Fusi, Jonathan Vezzosi, Annasilvia Oliveri, Paolo Ghimenti, Silvia Lenzi, Alessio Salvo, Pietro Daniele, Simona Scarfo, Giorgia Vivaldi, Federico Bonini, Andrea Martini, Claudia Franzoni, Ferdinando Di Francesco, Fabio Lomonaco, Tommaso eng Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't England 2022/01/21 J Breath Res. 2022 Feb 1; 16(2). doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac4d41"