| Title: | Current use of pressurised liquid extraction and subcritical water extraction in environmental analysis |
| Author(s): | Ramos L; Kristenson EM; Brinkman UA; |
| Address: | "Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain. l.ramos@iqog.csic.es" |
| DOI: | 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01336-5 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 0021-9673 (Print) 0021-9673 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "This review updates our knowledge about pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) and subcritical water extraction (SWE), two sample preparation techniques which are increasingly used for the extraction of moderately and non-volatile organic pollutants from a variety of solid and semi-solid environmental matrices. Parameters influencing the extraction yield and selectivity are discussed. The results deriving from the analysis of several different classes of compounds in a variety of matrices are compared with a reference method, e.g., Soxhlet extraction. PLE and SWE are both promising techniques due to the short extraction times and low solvent consumption. In addition, SWE offers a wide range of polarities by changing the temperature and can easily provide class-selective extraction by temperature programming and/or the addition of modifier(s). This indicates that, even though many applications have already been reported, more can be expected" |
| Keywords: | Environmental Monitoring/*methods Environmental Pollutants/analysis Pressure Water; |
| Notes: | "MedlineRamos, L Kristenson, E M Brinkman, U A Th eng Review Netherlands 2002/12/03 J Chromatogr A. 2002 Oct 25; 975(1):3-29. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01336-5" |
