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New Phytol

Title:		Insect-mediated reproduction of systemic infections by Puccinia arrhenatheri on Berberis vulgaris
Author(s):		Naef A; Roy BA; Kaiser R; Honegger R;
Address:		"Plant Pathology group, Institute of Plant Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Biology Department, 1210 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1210, USA. Givaudan Dubendorf Ltd, Fragrance Research, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstr. 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland"
Journal Title:		New Phytol
Year:		2002
Volume:		154
Issue:		3
Page Number:		717 - 730
DOI:		10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00406.x
ISSN/ISBN:		1469-8137 (Electronic) 0028-646X (Linking)
Abstract:		"* Witches' brooms on Berberis vulgaris are induced by a systemically infecting rust fungus, Puccinia arrhenatheri. These witches' brooms bear yellow discolored leaves on which the fungus exposes its gametes in a sugary nectar. During the spermatial stage of the fungus the infected leaves emit a strong, flowery scent. * An exclusion-experiment was used to evaluate whether fungal reproductive success, defined by the ability of the fungus to produce aeciospores, depended on gamete transfer by insects. To determine whether insects were attracted to the infected leaves, and if so, why, visitation to infected and uninfected leaves was quantified and volatiles produced by leaves, infected leaves and flowers were analyzed. * The production of aeciospores was significantly higher on witches' brooms with insect visitation. Visitation rates were higher and visits were longer on witches' brooms than on uninfected branches. A wide diversity of visitors, mainly Diptera and Hymenoptera, was observed. The volatiles emitted by infected leaves were composed of sweet floral fragrances and insect pheromones. * Our results suggest that sexual reproduction of the pathogen requires out-crossing by insects and that infected leaves attract insects by floral mimicry (bright yellow color and the production of sugary nectar and volatiles)"
Keywords:		carvacryl methyl ether fragrances indole jasmin lactone methyl nicotinate rust fungi scanning electron microscopy spermatia;
Notes:		"PubMed-not-MEDLINENaef, Andreas Roy, Bitty A Kaiser, Roman Honegger, Rosmarie eng England 2002/06/01 New Phytol. 2002 Jun; 154(3):717-730. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00406.x"