| Title: | Antibacterial and Oxidative Stress-Protective Effects of Five Monoterpenes from Softwood |
| Author(s): | Muilu-Makela R; Aapola U; Tienaho J; Uusitalo H; Sarjala T; |
| Address: | "Production Systems Unit, Natural Resources Institute Finland, FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland. Department of Ophthalmology, Tampere University, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland. Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland" |
| DOI: | 10.3390/molecules27123891 |
| ISSN/ISBN: | 1420-3049 (Electronic) 1420-3049 (Linking) |
| Abstract: | "Volatile organic compounds (VOC) affect the quality of indoor air. Terpenes and especially monoterpenes are the main molecules emitted from softwood material (coniferous species), which is widely used in construction. The corneal epithelium is one of the first human membranes to encounter VOCs in the air. Moreover, the industrial use of pleasant-scented monoterpenes in cosmetics, food, and detergents exposes people to monoterpenes in their daily lives. In the present study, the health effective properties of five monoterpenes from softwood were tested; cytotoxicity and oxidative stress-protective effects of alpha- and beta-pinenes, R- and S-limonene, and 3-carene were tested in a human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell model system and with two additional in vitro antioxidant tests: oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) scavenging. Antibacterial efficacies were tested with two bioluminescent bacterial biosensor strains (Escherichia coli K12+pcGLS11 and Staphylococcus aureus RN4220+pAT19) and with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test against Escherichia coli. Only very high concentrations of monoterpenes (0.3-0.5 mg/mL) demonstrated cytotoxicity against HCE cells. Contrary to the original hypothesis, monoterpenes did not exhibit strong antioxidant properties in tested concentrations. However, biosensors and MIC tests indicated clear antibacterial activities for all tested monoterpenes" |
| Keywords: | "Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology Antioxidants/pharmacology Escherichia coli Humans Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology Microbial Sensitivity Tests *Monoterpenes/pharmacology *Oils, Volatile/pharmacology Oxidative Stress HCE cells antibacterial properties ant;" |
| Notes: | "MedlineMuilu-Makela, Riina Aapola, Ulla Tienaho, Jenni Uusitalo, Hannu Sarjala, Tytti eng A71142/European Regional Development Fund/ VN/2884/2019/Environmental Ministry of Finland/ 41007-00096900/Strategic internal Funding of Natural Resources Institute Finland/ Switzerland 2022/06/25 Molecules. 2022 Jun 17; 27(12):3891. doi: 10.3390/molecules27123891" |
